ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARAMETERS FOR MODIFYING CONCRETE WITH CARBON NANOTUBES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8151.2025.37.14Keywords:
modified concrete, carbon nanotubes, compressive strength, tensile strength, dispersion, CNT concentration, superplasticizer, nanotechnology in construction, nano-reinforcement, crack resistance, durabilityAbstract
Purpose. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis and systematization of scientific data on the influence of key parameters of modifying heavyweight structural concrete with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on its mechanical characteristics. The work aims to summarize previous research on this issue and identify key patterns for the most common type of concrete in construction. Methodology. The research is based on methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of the results of 22 experimental works. The influence of parameters such as the type, form, and geometric dimensions of CNTs, their concentration in the cement matrix, dispersion methods, as well as the effect of the water-cement ratio and chemical additives on the effectiveness of the modification, were analyzed. Results. It has been established that the effectiveness of modification is a multifactorial process. An analysis of the results of testing batches of modified concrete samples for compression and tension was performed. It was determined that the optimal concentration of CNTs, from the point of view of mechanical properties, is in the range of 0.05–0.15% by weight of cement, while exceeding it can lead to nanoparticle agglomeration and a decrease in strength. It is confirmed that the use of ultrasonic treatment in combination with polycarboxylate superplasticizers is one of the most effective methods for achieving uniform distribution of CNTs. It was determined that short (< 10 μm) and long (≥ 10 μm) nanotubes have different effects on strength: long ones can be more effective for compressive strength, while short ones are for tensile strength. Scientific novelty. Unlike existing reviews that analyze the impact of nanotube modification on various types of cementitious composites, the scientific novelty of this work lies in the targeted analysis and systematization of data exclusively for heavyweight structural concrete. This focused approach allowed for the identification of patterns specific to this material, clarification of the optimal concentration ranges for CNTs, and establishment of a hierarchy of influencing key parameters. Practical relevance. The results of the work are useful for research in the field of building materials science. They allow for the optimization of concrete composition to obtain improved characteristics and avoid the use of knowingly ineffective solutions, which contributes to the development of more reliable and durable building materials.
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