BIOMORPHIC AND PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE OF SHADE STRUCTURES

Abstract

The article explores the combination of biomorphic and parametric architecture through the example of shade structures in public spaces. It analyzes the roles of natural forms and algorithmic methods in creating adaptive, environmentally efficient small architectural structures. Purpose. The aim is to clarify the role of combining natural analogues with algorithmic tools in the creation of adaptive and environmentally efficient small architectural forms. Methodology. The study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the analysis of theoretical works on contemporary architectural practice, a review of implemented projects, and a comparative analysis of form-making principles. Particular attention is paid to digital modeling techniques, bioinspired form sources, and adaptive manufacturing technologies. Results. It was established that biomorphic architecture shapes the aesthetic and associative components of shading structures, while parametric modeling ensures their adaptability, optimization, and contextual relevance. The analyzed projects demonstrate the effective integration of these approaches to create complex yet functional structures. A trend toward the synthesis of natural morphology, algorithmic form generation, and digital fabrication in public spaces was identified. Scientific novelty. This study proposes a typology of the interaction between biomorphic and parametric strategies in the design of shade canopies. For the first time, a comparative analysis of built examples representing a new quality of adaptive environments is presented. Practical relevance. The findings can be applied in the design of small-scale architectural forms that respond to climatic conditions and user needs. The study highlights the potential for integrating intelligent materials, automated systems, and environmentally responsive solutions.