PARAMETRIC DESIGN AND BIM FOR ADAPTIVE RAPID DEPLOYMENT SHELTERS CONSIDERING MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2415-8151.2025.38.2.7Keywords:
adaptive structures, digital management, multi-criteria optimiza- tion, energy efficiency, mobile structuresAbstract
The relevance of this study is determined by the growing need for rapid infrastructure recovery, the deployment of mobile shelters, and the development of resilient housing solutions under emergency conditions. In the post-war reconstruction phase of Ukraine, the implementation of digital technologies in the construction sector has gained particular importance, as it enhances adaptability, energy efficiency, and resource optimization. Contemporary challenges demand a transition from static architectural design to parametrically controlled and analytically justified models capable of ensuring integrated lifecycle management of shelters. The aim of this article is to develop a scientifically grounded concept for the use of parametric design and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies to create adaptive rapid deployment shelters that consider the multi-criteria optimization of structural, energy, and functional parameters. The research methodology is based on a systems approach that integrates methods of parametric modeling, multi-criteria optimization, BIM, and building lifecycle management. The study employs the principles of the Common Data Environment (CDE) and analytical comparison of design alternatives based on energy efficiency, mobility, cost, and environmental sustainability. The synthesis is based on the analysis of international and Ukrainian pilot projects, including RE:Ukraine Housing. The results show that integrating parametric design with BIM technologies provides an effective synergy between geometric modeling, techno-economic analysis, and operational analytics. It has been demonstrated that such integration allows the development of digital shelter models capable of automatically adapting to climatic, logistical, and resource constraints. The main implementation challenges identified include technical incompatibility of software environments, the regulatory uncertainty regarding the legal status of digital models, and the shortage of qualified specialists. The scientific novelty lies in developing a comprehensive concept for digital lifecycle management of adaptive shelters based on the integration of parametric modeling, multi-criteria optimization, and the BIM approach. For the first time, the structure of an integrated CDE for mobile structures has been substantiated, enabling interoperability among architectural, engineering, logistical, and analytical subsystems. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to establish an effective digital management system for the design, deployment, and operation of shelters. The proposed solutions can be integrated into national reconstruction programs, digital construction standards compliant with ISO 19650, as well as international humanitarian initiatives for modular housing.
References
Ajtayné Károlyfi K., Szép J. A Parametric BIM Framework to Conceptual Structural Design for Assessing the Embodied Environmental Impact. Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 15, No. 15. Article 11990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511990.
Bankole A.O., Nwokediegwu Z.S., Okiye S.E. A Conceptual Framework for AI-Enhanced 3D Printing in Architectural Component Design. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research. 2021. Vol. 2, No. 2. P. 103–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijfmr.2021.2.2.103-119.
Beatini V., Rajanayagam H., Poologanathan K. Structural and Spatial Minimal Requirement Efficacy of Emergency Shelters for Different Emergencies. Buildings. 2022. Vol. 13, No. 1. Article 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010032.
da Costaт B.B.F., Silva C.F.P., Maciel A.C.F., Cusi H.D.P., Maquera G., Haddad A.N. Simulation and Analysis of Thermal Insulators Applied to Post-Disaster Temporary Shelters in Tropical Countries. Designs. 2023. Vol. 7, No. 3. Article 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7030064.
Dong D., Zou Y., Pan H., Zhou G., Feng Y., & Tang Y. DFMA-oriented modular and parametric design and secondary splitting of vertical PC components. Scientific Reports. 2023. Vol. 13, No. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30192-z.
Eltaweel A., Saint R., D’Amico B., & Pomponi F. A parametric thermal analysis of refugees’ shelters using incremental design and affordable construction material. Energy and Buildings. 2023. Article 113110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113110.
Gladdys M.M., Gentil B., Cao P. Sustainable Strategies for Improving Humanitarian Construction Through BIM and Climate Analysis. Sustainability. 2025. Vol. 17, No. 4. Article 1556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041556.
Haghighat S., Sadeh H. Parametric design of an automated kinetic building façade using BIM: A case study perspective. Journal of Building Engineering. 2023. Vol. 73. Article 106800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106800.
ISO 19650-1:2018. ISO. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/68078.html (date of access: 10.10.2025).
Karimi R., Shirowzhan S., Sepasgozar S. M. E. Architectural Design Criteria Considering the Circular Economy and Buildability for Smart Disaster Relief Shelter Prototyping. Buildings. 2023. Vol. 13, No. 7. Article 1777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071777.
Kim Y.-H., Choi J.-S., Yuan T.-F., & Yoon Y.-S. Evacuation of Shelter in Place at Subway Transfer Stations Based on BIM and Proposal of a Strengthening Method. Buildings. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 11. Article 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111981.
Kunwar R. K., Chander S. Parametric Design as a Tool for Mass Housing Development in Ethiopia. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Cham, 2025. P. 473–487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78623-5_37.
Mata L.P.da, Maciel A.C.F., Costa B.B.F.da, & Dutra J.T. Impactos da ventilação cruzada aplicada a abrigo emergencial em contêiner, por meio de simulações computacionais com integração BIM-BES. Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering. 2025. Vol. 11, No. 4. P. 16–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v11i4.48879.
Mehdizade A., Ayoobi A.W., Inceoğlu M. Applicable and Flexible Post-Disaster Housing Through Parametric Design and 3D Printing: A Novel Model for Prototyping and Deployment. Sustainability. 2025. Vol. 17, No. 16. P. 7212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167212.
Mowafy N., El Zayat M., Marzouk M. Parametric BIM-based life cycle assessment framework for optimal sustainable design. Journal of Building Engineering. 2023. Vol. 75. Article 106898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106898.
RE:Ukraine. PILOT PROJECT – balbek bureau. URL: https://www.balbek.com/reukraine-pilot (date of access: 10.10.2025).
Vynohradov O.O. Modern Challenges of Designing with BIM Technologies in Ukraine. Association of Design and Engineering of Ukraine. URL: https://engineering.org.ua/en/expert-opinion/modern-challenges-of-designing-with-bim-technologies-in-ukraine/ (date of access: 10.10.2025).
Zhang G., Sun J. Research on Modular Space Design of Emergency Hospitals Based on BIM Technology Innovation. Buildings. 2024. Vol. 14, No. 10. Article 3237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14103237.
