ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ АВІАЦІЙНИЙ ПОСТ-COVID-19 СЦЕНАРІЙ: СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.56.14889Ключові слова:
COVID-19, Європейська авіація, надзвичайні заходи, авіаційні послуги, наземне обслуговування, авіаційні вантажні операції, розподіл слотів у аеропорту, захист пасажирів, ваучери авіакомпаній, державна допомога, заходи, пов’язані з безпекою, EASAАнотація
Мета цієї статті полягає у висвітленні спостережень основних наслідків пандемії COVID-19 на європейський повітряний транспорт, а також окресленні можливих сценаріїв та перспектив відновлення авіаційної галузі. Стаття зосереджена на реакції Європейського Союзу на такі наслідки. Крім того, у статті представлені заходи та пакети для пом’якшення впливу COVID-19 на повітряне сполучення. Методи дослідження: дослідження проводилось із застосуванням загальновизнаних методів наукового пізнання, таких як: аналітичний, порівняльно-правовий, системно-структурний, статистичний та інші. Результати: в результаті академічних досліджень було виявлено основні впливи COVID-19 на європейську авіацію, окреслено поточні заходи Європейського Союзу та міжнародних організацій та представлено сценарій та перспективи розвитку в Європі після COVID-19. Обговорення: пандемія COVID-19 вплинула на європейський повітряний транспорт і спричинила безпрецедентну зупинку повітряного руху, із загальним скороченням міжнародних пасажирів у 50-80% у перші місяці 2020 року порівняно з 2019 роком. Відповідно до прогнозів швидкого відновлення не слід чекати, цифри вказують на те, що лише між кінцем року та початком 2021 року повітряний рух всередині ЄС частково відновиться, очікуючи на 25-30% менше руху літаків та пасажирів порівняно з тими ж місяцями. Реакція Європейського Союзу полягає у заходах, пов’язаних із безпекою, для пом’якшення впливу COVID-19 на повітряне сполучення, розподілу слотів у аеропортах, авіаційними вантажними перевезеннями, захистом пасажирів, державною допомогою. Хоча деякі заходи, ймовірно, залишатимуться тимчасовими за своєю суттю, деякі інші, ймовірно, потребують більше часу для подальшого і ретельного розгляду законодавцями ЄС, такі, наприклад, як ваучери авіакомпаній.
Посилання
The present article adopts the terminology «COVID-19».
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British Airways has reached a deal to temporarily suspend more than 30,000 of its cabin crew and ground staff. The airline, which has grounded most of its fleet due to the coronavirus, has been locked in talks with unions for more than a week. Under the jobs retention scheme, the government funds 80% of someone’s salary capped at a maximum of £2,500 a month. But union Unite said there would be no cap on earnings under its agreement with BA. The union also said no BA staff would be made redundant during the coronavirus crisis. See, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52130021 (last visit 22 June 2020).
In the months of March and April 2020, Air France has gradually reduced its activities up to 90% and, consequently, temporarily laid off or sus-pended 80% of its workforce. See, https://www. aerotime.aero/clement.charpentreau/24679-air-france-to-temporarily-lay-off-80-of-staff-due-to-coronavirus (last access 22 June 2020); https://www.franceinter.fr/economie/crise-du-covid-suppressions-d-emplois-en-perspective-chez-air-france-qui-subit-de-lourdes-pertes (last access 1 June 2020).
Lufthansa reached agreements with its works council and trade unions to introduce short-time working for at least 27,000 cabin and ground staff in Frankfurt and Munich. It also said that members of the executive board had waived 20% of their compensation in solidarity with all employee group. The company’s CEO Carsten Spohr said in remarks posted on the German aviation group’s website on Friday. «We are fighting for the future of this company and the future of the roughly 130,000 employees of the Lufthansa Group in what is currently the greatest challenge of our recent history». See, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lufthansa-jobs/two-thirds-of-lufthansas-staff-to-shorten-work-hours-due-to-coronavirus-idUSKBN21J4FM (last access 22 June 2020); https://www.spiegel.de/ consent-a-?target Url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww. spiegel.de% 2Fwirt schaft%2 Funternehmen%2Fcoronavirus-lufthansa-schickt-87-000-mitarbeiter-in-kurzarbeit (last access 22 June 2020).
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