TECHNOLOGY AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY ARMED CONFLICT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.72.19062Keywords:
technology, war, IHL, human rights, UAVs, AIAbstract
The purpose of the article is to research the relationship between IHL, IHRL and national law norms, and to give recommendations about the prevention of using technologies in contemporary armed conflicts. Research methods: in the article, the research was carried out using the comparative-legal method in order to present the relationship between international and national legal norms. Also, we will use the normative method to emphasize the need of introduction of new norms to regulate the problem. Results: after the World War II, adoption of the new international norms significantly decreased the war statistics, however, in recent years, development of technologies, which was further accelerated by the pandemic, changed the mentioned statistics, to the extent that new technologies are actively used in war. Unfortunately, preventive and/or prohibitive international norms do not exist, therefore, we do not have the practice of regulating them. Paucity of regulative norms and the absence of proper literature in this field underscores the relevance of this topic. The use of new technologies can lead to violations of the principles of international law and human rights, which requires the creation of preventive mechanisms within the framework of international law. Discussion: the relevance of the topic is also determined by the war situation in the world, which reminds us that against the backdrop of challenges in international law, there is a gap in terms of illegal integration of technologies in contemporary armed conflicts, which, as a result, leads to a breach of human rights and violation of the norms of both the Geneva Convention and the European Convention on Human Rights.
References
Arhirova Hanna, Ukraine says it will beat Russia in the tech war 2023. URL: https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-04-21/minister-ukraine-will-beat-russia-in-war-of-technologies.
Tech leaders are calling for an A.I., Lim Hui Jie 2023. URL: https://www.cnbc.com/ 2023/06/09/tech-leaders-ai-pause-no-product-ready-palantir.html.
Russia and Ukraine are fighting the first full-scale drone war, By Isabelle Khurshudyan, Mary Ilyushina and Kostiantyn Khudov, The Washington Post, 2022. URL: https://www. washington-post.com/world/2022/12/02/drones-russia-ukraine-air-war/.
Offer to assist Ukraine with facial recognition, Hoan Ton-That, 2022. URL: https://app.hubspot.com/documents/6595819/view/443117283?accessId=f27bac.
War in Ukraine, Clearview AI. URL: Ukraine - Clearview AI.
The Battle for Control Over Ukraine’s Inter-net. URL: https://time.com/6222111/ukraine-internet-russia-reclaimed-territory/.
Türkiye STM’s Kargu kamikaze drones, 2023. URL: Japan eyes Türkiye STM’s Kargu kamikaze drones (dsaexhibition.com).
NATO: Future conflicts may be won or lost by AI. URL: NATO: Future conflicts may be won or lost by AI (techinformed.com).
Ministry of Digital Transformation calls to use the eVorog through the Diia app. URL: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/mincifri-zaklikaye-koristuvatisya-yevorogom-cherez-zastosunok-diya.
Mazzucchi Nicolas, AI-based technologies in hybrid conflict: The future of influence operations, 2022, pp. 14-15. URL: https:// www.hybridcoe.fi/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ 20220623-Hybrid-CoE-Paper-14-AI-based-technologies-WEB.pdf.
Commercial satellites test the rules of war in Russia-Ukraine conflict. URL: https://www. wash-ingtonpost.com/technology/2022/03/10/ commer-cial-satellites-ukraine-russia-intelligence/.
Emergency response for the populations affected by the war. URL: https://www.tsfi.org/ en/our-missions/disaster-response/ukrainian-crisis.
TNW: Zelensky hologram challenges tech leaders while Snowden gives bleak warning. URL: https://techinformed.com/tnw-zelensky-hologram-challenges-tech-leaders-while-snowden-gives-bleak-warning/.
The Hack of the Central Bank of Russia by Anonymous Group. URL: https://www.gizchina. com/2022/03/24/the-central-bank-of-russia-is-hacked-by-anonymous-group/.
Ukraine blames Russia for most of over 2,000 cyberattacks in 2022. URL: https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/01/17/ukraine-crisis-russia-cyber.
Thousands of civilians in Africa and the middle east have died as a result of America’s use of unmanned aerial vehicles. URL: Thousands of civilians in Africa and the Middle East have died as a result of America’s use of unmanned aerial vehi-cles - Foundation to Battle Injustice.
UK Ministry of Defense, Ambitious, Safe, Responsible - approach to the delivery of AI-enabled capability in Defense, UK, 2022 p.
Minutes of meetings of MoD’s Ethical Advisory Panel. URL: https://dronewars.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/02-2020-04-06-FOI-AI-Ethics-Expert-Advisory-Panel-TORs.pdf.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Ger-many. URL: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html#p0143.
Ausführungsgesetz zu Artikel 26 Abs. 2 des Grundgesetzes (Gesetz über die Kontrolle von Kriegswaffen). URL: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/krwaffkontrg/anlage.html.
Implementing Law to Article 26, Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law (Law on the Control of War Weapons), Annex (to Section 1 (1)) List of War Weapons, II. Combat aircraft and helicopters, 13. URL: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ krwaffkontrg/BJNR004440961.html#BJNR004440961BJNG000101305.
Sauer Frank, Artificial Intelligence in the Armed Forces On the need for regulation regarding autonomy in weapon systems, Security Policy Working Paper No. 26, 2018, pp. 1-4. URL: https://www.baks.bund.de/sites/baks010/files/working_paper_2018_26.pdf.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. URL: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/ englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html#p0143.
