The newest monumentalism in the formation of modern sacred space
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2415-8151.23.16267Keywords:
formation, sacred space, sacred architecture, architectural modernism, tradition, symbol, artAbstract
The iconic temples of the twentieth century are analyzed. - Cathedral in Evry, France, by architect Mario Botta. The anthroposophical theory of architecture is presented, which suggested that the world and man are permeated by different types of spiritual forces, which due to the forms of objects of the visible world can be strengthened or weakened. The understanding of the harmony of forms in the formation of sacred space is represented.
The architecture of sacred buildings, built on the principle of organic architecture, is considered. It has been determined that the forms created by Mario Botta do not belong to any of the “languages” of architectural expression that have been created so far.
It presents a view of the mysterious nature of the connection of people in society - close to the types of ties that connect religious communities, as well as the concept of architecture as a bridge between heaven and earth, which also changed the approach to the building as a purely material object.
Analyzed the forms of sacred buildings and ways of organizing interiors, which led to the conclusion that the idea of reviving the unity of the surrounding landscape, the tendency to use local materials (especially stone), but also more general, philosophical attitude, which allows to consider architecture as an element connects the forces of space with human life, uniting believers of different faiths.
The use of the metaphorical language of Mario Botti’s architecture based on the world of visual human products and their iconographic distinctive features is considered. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages that are transmitted through them in the formation of sacred space.
An attempt to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the formation of sacred space is also presented.
Trends in the formation of sacred space in the twentieth century, as well as the originality of the author’s signature in the architecture of Mario Botta.
Key words: formation, sacred space, sacred architecture, tradition, architectural modernism, symbol, art.
References
Albert Christ-Janer, Mary Mix Foley, Modern Church Architecture. A guide to the form and spirit of 20th century religious buildings, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York–Toronto–London 1962. s. 82–101.
Claire de Galembert, Cathédrale d’état? Cathédrale catholique? Cathédrale de la ville nouvelle? Les equivoques de la cathédrale d’Évry, „Archives des sciences sociales des religions”, 107, 1999, 1, s. 109–137.
Emilio Pizzi, Mario Botta, Birkhäuser-Verlag für Architektur, Basel–Berlin– Boston 1998 [wydanie III, rozszerzone].
Inge Linder-Gaillard, The Aestetics of Contemporary French Catholic Churches: Fortresses of Resistance?, [w:] Aesthetics аs a religious factor in Eastern and Western Christianity, red. Wil van den Bercken, Jonathan Sutton, „Eastern Christian studies” 6, Peeters, Leuven 2005, s. 225–239.
Gabriele Capellato (red.), Mario Botta, Timothy Verdon, Aldo Colonetti, Alda Merini (teksty), Mario Botta. Architetture del sacro. Progiere di Pietra, Editrice Compositori, Firenze 2005.
François Chaslin, La Cathedrale di Évry, „Domus”, 773, 1995, s. 7–14
Jean-François Pousse, Mario Botta, Pour la ville. Cathédrale d’Évry, „Techni- ques & Architecture”, 405, grudzień 1992– styczeń 1993, s. 34–37.
Gnatiuk L. AESTHETICS SHAPING SACRED SPACE/ Gnatiuk L., Terletska M. // Theory and practice of design. Collection of scientific papers. – Issue 11. Technical aesthetics. – К.: NAY, 2017. – C. 42–56. DOI: 10.18372/2415-8151.11.11874
Gnatiuk L. Optical Illusions in Sacral Space // Defining the Architectural Space. The Truth and Lie of Architecture: XIX International conference. – Cracow University of Technology. – Cracow, 2020. P. 7-19. DOI: 10.23817/2020.defarch.4-1 ISBN 978-83-7977-533-0
Гнатюк Л. Роль мистецтва та символу у формуванні сакрального простору. Сучасні проблеми архітектури та містобудування. Науково-технічний збірник. – Вип. 58. – К.: КНУБА, 2020. – C. 32–47. DOI: 10.32 347/2077-3455.2020.58.32-47
Edwin Heathcote, Iona Spens, Church builders, Academy Editions, London––Chichester 2001. s. 25–101.
Liliia Gnatiuk, Metal and iron construction in sacral space shaping / L. Gnatiuk, H. Novik, M. Melnyk // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. - 2020. - V. 953(1). - P. 10 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/953/1/012078 ISSN: 1757-8981
Philippe Boitel, Évry, la petite dernierè, „Notre Histoire”, t. 135, Paris 1996, s. 59–61
Randall S. Lindstron, Creativity and contradiction. European churches since. 1970, American Institute of Architects Press, Washington D.C. 1988.
Steven J. Schloeder, Architecture in Communion. Implementing the Second Vatican Council through Liturgy and Architecture, Ignatius Press, San Francisco 1998.
William Durandus (Gulielmus Durantis, Guillaume Durand), The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments: T.W. Green, Leeds 1843. reprint: New York 1973.
Wolfgang Jean Stock, Europäischer Kirchenbau 1950–2000, Prestel, München–Berlin–London–New York 2003.
Гнатюк Л.Р. Протиріччя у формуванні художнього образу сакрального простору в архітектурі ХХ століття. Сучасні проблеми архітектури та містобудування. Науково-технічний збірник. –Вип. 56. – К.: КНУБА, 2020. –C. 17–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.56.17-31
Гнатюк Л.Р. Традиції трансформації готичних форм в сакральній архітектурі кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. Сучасні проблеми архітектури та містобудування. Науково-технічний збірник. – Вип. 57. – К.: КНУБА, 2020. –C. 26–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2020.57.26-42
Гнатюк Л.Р. Створення духовної атмосфери сакрального простору. Сучасні проблеми архітектури та містобудування. Науково-технічний збірник. – К.: КНУБА, 2021. – Вип. 59. – C. 16–27. DOI: 10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59
