Method of measurement and implementation of carbon black indicators
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2310-5461.48.15094Keywords:
carbon black, quality, carbon black fineness, reactor, quenching, fuzzy control systemAbstract
Carbon black production is characterized by stable development. This tendency is associated with a wide range of its use as the main and additional feedstock in a product diversity - rubber for tires and conveyors, pigments, electrodes, etc. Several types of carbon black now been carried out by regulatory documents, which indicates the necessary variety of requirements for its properties. The morphological properties of carbon black fineness (particle size) and structure (aggregate size) are peculiar indicators of the quality of the final product, which are formed in the main technological apparatus - the reactor, taking into account quality standards ASTM (D6556, D1510, D3765, D2414, D3493). The authors provide a graph of relations between carbon black fineness and the main technological variables, which helps to determine the structure of the reactor control system and indicates that various quality indicators are forming by common factors. The main way to determine these indicators is laboratory analyses. Based on the analysis of the state of measurements of carbon properties by automatic means, the authors focused their attention on device with the effect of laser incandescence (Laser-Induced Incandescence - LII) and described its operation in terms of the use in a control system. The article presents the results of research - a reactor from the point of view of controlling the processes that occur in it: combustion of gaseous fuel, reactions of converting feedstock into carbon and its quenching. Each specified zone (with conditional boundaries) is a separate control object with specified mode parameters. Based on the selected device for measuring the carbon black particle fineness, it was proposed to use this indicator to determine the corrective actions in the automatic control system for the temperature regime of the reactor quenching zone. At the outlet of the reactor, the carbon black fineness is measured taking into account the standardized quality indicator D1510 (iodine index), when the temperature setting is formed for the regulator in the quenching zone. Taking into account the lack of adequate and suitable for use in industrial conditions, mathematical relationships between carbon black fineness and temperature in this zone, the authors proposed the apparatus of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic for creating a control system. The article describes the relevant linguistic variables, in particular, the mathematical expressions and graphs of the membership functions are provided, the rules of production also had given. Verification of the fuzzy controller software for determining the value of the temperature setting was carried out using the MatLab mathematical processor.
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