Security mechanisms for AODV and E-AODV protocols against black hole and gray tunnel attacks

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.81.20137

Keywords:

AODV, E-AODV, MANET, black hole attack, gray tunnel attack, secure routing, trust-based mechanism, intrusion detection, packet loss, routing protocol security, simulation analysis, ad hoc network security

Abstract

This paper investigates the security vulnerabilities of the AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and E-AODV (Enhanced AODV) routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), focusing on two common attack types: black hole and gray tunnel attacks. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to examine how these attacks affect routing reliability, packet delivery, and network performance. E-AODV is evaluated as an improved protocol incorporating adaptive trust mechanisms, response timing analysis, and behavioral monitoring to mitigate malicious node interference. A simulation framework is implemented using a Python-based environment, where various network sizes (10–100 nodes) are tested. Key performance indicators such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End Delay, and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) are used to compare protocol behavior. Results show that E-AODV significantly enhances resilience to attack-induced disruption, outperforming standard AODV in both delivery efficiency and security reliability across diverse MANET topologies.

References

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Published

2025-06-01

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