Особливості кліматичних змін в Україні: сценарії, наслідки для природи та агроекосистем

Автор(и)

  • Svitlana Boychenko S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine
  • Volodymyr Voloshchuk Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Research Institute
  • Yaroslav Movchan National aviation university, Kyiv /National ecological centre of Ukraine
  • Nadiia Serdjuchenko Leonid Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT
  • Vasyl Tkachenko M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine
  • Oksana Tyshchenko ERC "Institute of Biology and Medicine" of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
  • Serhij Savchenko National aviation university, Kyiv /National ecological centre of Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.69.11061

Ключові слова:

адаптація, атмосферні опади, водні ресурси, екологічні наслідки, зміна клімату, зміна рослинності степів, катастрофічні явища, опустелювання, рівні Чорного і Азовського морів, температура, сільське господарство, сценарії

Анотація

Мета: Метою дослідження є аналіз основних особливостей зміни клімату в Україні в ХХ-ХХI століттях, і отримати оцінку можливих регіональних екологічних наслідків під впливом глобального потепління. Методи: Емпіричні константи в побудованих напівемпіричних моделях були оцінені на основі статистичного аналізу матеріалів метеорологічних спостережень на метеостанціях України протягом XX ст. і початку XXІ ст. Отримані результати використовуються для побудови сценаріїв можливих зміни клімату в Україні при глобальному потеплінні в найближчому майбутньому. Результати: Кліматичні умови України відреагували на глобальне потепління (середньорічна температура підвищилася на 0,6± 0,2оС/за 100 років і незначне збільшення річної суми опадів на 5-7% протягом 100 років). Особливості трансформації сезонного ходу кліматичних полів температури і атмосферних опадів в Україні розглядається також. Беручи до уваги глобальні зміни клімату, пропонуються регіональні сценарії клімату (температура і атмосферні опади) в Україні до 2050 року. Обговорення: Аналіз основних екологічних наслідків від глобального потепління, які вже сталися або можуть проявитися в найближчому майбутньому в Україні, проведено: підняття рівня Чорного і Азовського морів; просторова трансформація структури степових фітосистем; зміни в північній частині Азовського моря екосистем морських кіс; збудження катастрофічних погодних явищ в Україні, розвиток опустелювання в південних і південно-східних областях України, вплив змін клімату на сільське господарство, аспекти водних ресурсів.

Біографії авторів

Svitlana Boychenko, S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine

Doctor of Geographical Sciences. Associated Professor

Leading Researcher of S. I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, department of geomagnetizm

Education: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, 1996

Research area: Climatology, Meteorology, Geoecology

Volodymyr Voloshchuk, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Research Institute

Doctor of physical-mathematical sciences. Professor

Chief research scientist of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine, department of atmosphere physics

Education: Lvov State University name of Ivan Franko (1962)

Research area: Physics of an atmosphere, physics of aerosols, climate changes

Yaroslav Movchan, National aviation university, Kyiv /National ecological centre of Ukraine

Doctor of biological sciences Professor of Chair of ecology

Head of Laboratory of ecosafety of Ukraine, Kyiv, National aviation university, Laboratory of ecosafety

Education: Chernivtsi university, 1979

Research area: Ecology, Energy efficiency, Sustainable development.

Nadiia Serdjuchenko, Leonid Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT

PhD in Geographical Sciences

Leading Researcher of Leonid Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Doslidnitske town, Ukraine. Laboratory of agricultural resources research and crop yield forecasting

Education: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2001

Research area: Climatology, Agrometeorology.

Vasyl Tkachenko, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine

Doctor of Biological Sciences.

Leading Resercher of M.G.Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Department of Geobotany and Phytosystems Ecology

Education: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, 1960

Research area: Steppes researching, phytosociology, phytosozology, ecology of phytosystems.

Oksana Tyshchenko, ERC "Institute of Biology and Medicine" of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

PhD in Biology. Associated Professor

Associated Professor of Botany Department ERC "InstituteofBiology" of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Botany Department

Education: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, 1997

Research area: Phytosociology, Phytosozology, Systematics of Vascularand Non-vascular Higher Plants.

Serhij Savchenko, National aviation university, Kyiv /National ecological centre of Ukraine

Specialist of 2-nd category of Ukraine, Kyiv, National aviation university, department of ecology

Education: National Aviation university, 2016

Research area: Ecology, Climatology, Energy efficiency

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Опубліковано

21.12.2016

Як цитувати

Boychenko, S., Voloshchuk, V., Movchan, Y., Serdjuchenko, N., Tkachenko, V., Tyshchenko, O., & Savchenko, S. (2016). Особливості кліматичних змін в Україні: сценарії, наслідки для природи та агроекосистем. Вісник Національного авіаційного університету, 69(4), 96–113. https://doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.69.11061

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