IDENTIFICATION OF ANIMAL –VEHICLE COLLISION LOCATIONS ACCORDING TO EVALUATION OF DRIVER INJURIES AND VEHICLE DAMAGE IN THE KYIV REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.67.10434Keywords:
animal-vehicle collisions, descriptive statistics, normal distributionAbstract
Purpose: We have implemented the evaluation of identification of animal –vehicle collision (AVC) in Kyiv region in 2007-2014, using the methodology of descriptive statistics for three pairs of variables, which depend on the location of AVC: 1) "AVC location" and "number road" 2.) "AVC location" and "injury of the driver" 3.) "AVC location" and "damage of the vehicle." Methods: For the study we used the tests for the normal distribution of variables, that include: 1.) Table "Test of Normality", that used test Kolmogorov-Smirnova and Shapiro-Wilk, with taking into account the appropriate number of times for evaluation; 2. Histogram, which has a distribution for the relevant type of data according to normal distribution curve for visual comparison and further evaluation; 3) one of the functions of Descriptive Statistics, entitled Table "Descriptives", and which in turn uses two types of characteristics: a.) Skewness and b.) Kurtosis. Result: For the analysis we used IBM SPSS Statistics program, which allows to assess the correspondence of AVC to the normal distribution by including tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk. After passing the tests for each variable has been getting the word «Yes» or word «No» from SPSS. If the variable passed tests and its distribution corresponds to the normal distribution, the variable got the word «Yes». If the variable is not passed tests and its distribution is not responsible normal distribution, the variable got the word «No». Discussion: The appropriate assessment of location data was collected in the summary tables which allow to analyse the animal –vehicle collision locations on the roads in Kyiv region. It was found, that theoretical calculations to test normality in the SPSS program for many variables of all three factors «Road», «Damage», «Injuries» corresponds to the variable locations, but there are also a lot of variables that do not comply with the law of the normal distribution, although they have enough number of animal –vehicle collisions.References
Conover, M.R., W.C. Pitt, K.K. Kessler, T.J. DuBow, and Sanborn. W.A. (1995). Review of Human Injuries, Illnesses, and Economic Losses Caused by Wildlife in the United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 95 (3), 407–414.
Williams, A.F., Wells J.K. (2005). Characteristics of Vehicle–Animal Crashes in Which Vehicle Occupants Are Killed, Traffic Injury Prevention, 6 (2), 56–59.
Tardif & Associates In. (2003). Collisions Involving Motor Vehicles and Large Animals in Canada: Final Report. Ottawa, ON: Transport Canada, Road Safety Directorate.
Bruinderink, G., Hazebroek, E. (1996). Ungulate Traffic Collisions in Europe, Conservation Biology, 10, 1059–1067.
Sullivan, J.M. (2011). Trends and characteristics of animal-vehicle collisions in the United States. J. Safety. Res, 42(1), 9-16.
Kokhan, O.V., Gavrylenko, V.M., Gulevets D.V., and Movcan, Ya.I. (2014), “The monitoring system of environmental safety in places road traffic accidents with animals on the roads of Poltava region”, Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, no. 2, Vol.18, pp. 51-55.
Kohan O. Rozraxunkovi modeli dlja systemy monitorynhu ekobezpeky u miscjax dorožnʹo–transportnyx pryhod «najizd na tvaryn» na avtodorohax Kharkivsʹkoji oblasti Visnyk XNU im.Karazina. Serija «Ekolohija» – 2014. –#1140. – S.18–25. (In Ukrainian).
Kokhan O. Evaluation of environmental safety of animal –vehicle collisions on the roads of Ukraine by use the graphical analysis, Otsіnka rіvnya ekobezpeky DTP "naїzd na tvaryn na avtodorogah Ukrainy za dopomogoiu grafіchnogo analіzu [State Environmental Safety: Abstract of IX Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists and Students. Kyiv, April 16 2015, National Aviation University], Kyiv, NAU, 2015. pp. 4-5. (In Ukrainian).
Ramp D., Caldwell J., Edwards K., Warton D., Croft D.(2005). Modelling of wildlife fatality hotspots along the Snowy Mountain Highway in New South Wales, Australia, Biological Conservation, Volume 126, Issue 4, pp. 474-490, ISSN 0006-3207,
Snow N., Porter W., Williams D. (2015).Underreporting of wildlife-vehicle collisions does not hinder predictive models for large ungulates, Biological Conservation, Volume 181, pp. 44-53,
Neumann W., Ericsson G., Dettki H., Bunnefeld N., Keuler N., Helmers D., Radeloff V. (2012). Difference in spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road-crossings and wildlife-vehicle collisions, Biological Conservation, Volume 145, Issue 1, pp. 70-78.11.
Christie, J., Nason. S. (2003).fyuik Analysis of vehicle collisions with moose and deer on New Brunswick arterial highways. 31st Annual Conference of the CS for CE, pp.1-11.
Pro zatverdzhennja kartky obliku doroznʹo-transportnyx pryhod ta Instrukciji skody zapovnennjaju. Nakaz, Instrukcija vid 28.12.2005 # 1242: za stanom na 05 serpnja 2007 r. [Elektronnyj resurs]//Verxovna Rada Ukrajiny: [sajt] – Rezhym dostupa: Ofic. vydannja. MVS Ukrajiny; http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0267-06]Lord D., Fred Mannering F. (2010). The statistical analysis of crash-frequency data: A review and assessment of methodological alternatives, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 44, Issue 5, June 2010, Pages 291-305, (In Ukraine)
Lord, D., Miranda-Moreno, L.F., (2008). Effects of low sample mean values and small sample size on the estimation of the fixed dispersion parameter of Poisson- gamma models for modeling motorvehicle crashes: a Bayesian perspective. Saf. Sci. 46(5), 751-770.
Lord, D., Mannering, F. (2010). The statistical analysis of crash-frequency data: a review and assessment of methodological alternatives. Transport. Res A-Pol. 44 (5), P. 291-305.
Kokhan, O.V. (2015). “Identification of location of animal-vehicle collision and principals of its mitigation on the roads, Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University. 1(19), P. 51-55.
Kokhan O.V. Identification of animal-vehicle collisions hotspots on highway М-18 / O. Kokhan, Y. Movchan, D. Gulevets //Proсeedings of the National Aviation University. - 2015. - № 3. - P. 83-90.
Alan Woodley. (2001). SPSS for Windows: An Introduction to Use and Interpretation in Research: G.A. Morgan, O.V. Griego, and G.W. Gloeckner, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, Computers & Education, Volume 37, Issues 3–4, pp. 390-391.
Liu R.X., Kuang J., Gong Q., Hou X.L. (2003). Principal component regression analysis with spss, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Volume 71, Issue 2, pp. 141-147.
Pérez-Vicente S., Expósito Ruiz M. (2009). Descriptive statistics, Allergologia et Immunopathologia, Volume 37, Issue 6, November–December , Pages 314-320,
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using SPSS. 4th ed. London: Sage.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual. 5th ed. Buckingham: Open University Press
