FLEXIBLE ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2310-5461.40.13277Keywords:
photovoltaic cells, transparent conducting xide (TCO), ZnO, Al, nanoparticles.Abstract
The current issues in the field of flexible organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) are reviewed. The inverted OPVs with conducting electrode of Al-doped ZnO electrode are argued on the basis of a numerous experimental evidences to be promising for low cost photovoltaic converters. Additional performance improvement of the OPVs is due to Al-containing nanospecies incorporated between the transparent electrode and the active layer. A technological rout is proposed for production of the low cost flexible power supplies promising for transport applications (e.g. airplanes) due to their light weight.
References
Hsu H.-L., Juang T.-Y., Chen C.-P., Hsieh C.-M., Yang C.-C., Huang C.-L., Jeng R.-J. Enhanced efficiency of organic and perovskite photovoltaics from shape-dependent broad band plasmonic effects of silver nanoplates, Sol. En. Mater. Sol. Cells, 2015, vol. 140, pp. 224 – 231. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.04.021.
Liu Y., Chen C.-C., Hong Z., Gao J., Yang Y., Zhou H., Dou L., Li G., Yang Y. Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells: breaking the 10% power conversion efficiency, Sci. Rep., 2013, vol. 3, p. 3356. DOI: 10.1038/srep03356.
Yang Y.M.,. Chen W, Dou L.,.Chang W.-H, Duan H.-S., Bob B., Li G., Yan Y. High-performance multiple-donor bulk heterojunction solar cells, Nature Photonics, 2015, pp. 190 – 198.
You J., Dou L., Yoshimura K., Kato T., Ohya K., Moriarty T., Emery K., Chen C.-C., Gao J., Li G., Yang Y. A polymer tandem solar cell with 10.6% power conversion efficiency, Nature Commun., 2013, vol. 4, pp. 1446-1 – 1446-10. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2411.
Bai S., Wu Z., Xu X., Jin Y., Sun B., Guo X., He S., Wang X., Ye Z., Wei H., Han X., Ma W. Inverted organic solar cells based on aqueous processed ZnO interlayers at low temperature, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, vol. 100, No. 20, p. 203906. DOI: 10.1063/1.4719201.
Scharber M.C., Sariciftci N.S. Efficiency of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, Progress in Polymer Science, 2013, vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 1929 – 1940. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.001.
Kim Y., Choulis S.A., Nelson J., Bradley D.D.C., Cook S., Durrant J.R. Device annealing effect in organic solar cells with blends of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and soluble fullerene, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2005, vol. 86, No. 6, p. 063502. DOI: 10.1063/1.1861123
Park S. H., Roy A., Beaupre S., Cho S., Coates N., Moon J.S., Moses D., Leclerc M., Lee K., Heeger A.J. Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100%, Nat. Photonics, 2009, vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 297 - 302. DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2009.69.
Kislyuk V. V., Dimitriev O. P. Nanorods and nanotubes for solar cells, J. Nanosci. & Nanotechnol., 2008, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 131 – 148.
Sun Y., Seo J.H., Takacs C.J., Seifter V, Heeger A.J. Adv. Mater., 2011, vol. 23, No. 14, pp. 1679 – 1683. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004301.
Perrier G., De Bettignies R., Berson S., Lemaıtre N., Guillerez S. Impedance spectrometry of optimized standard and inverted P3HT-PCBM organic solar cells, Sol. En. Mater. Sol. Cells, 2012, vol. 101, pp. 210 – 216. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.01.013.
Li G., Chu C.-W., Shrotriya V., Huang J., Yanga Y. Efficient inverted polymer solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2006, vol. 88, 2006, pp. 253503-1 - 253503-. DOI: 10.1063/1.2212270.
Sakshum K., Kushagra K., Gauravi X., Prakhar K. Plasmonic Study of Nanoparticles in Organic Photovoltic Cells: A Review, J. Org. Inorg. Chem., 2017, vol. 3, No. 1:2, pp. 1 – 8. DOI: 10.21767/2472-1123.100022.
Feng L., Niu M., Wen Z., Hao X. Recent Advances of Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells: Photophysical Investigations, Polymers, 2018, vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 123-1 – 123-33. DOI:10.3390/polym10020123.
Jang Y.H., Jang Y.J., Kim S., Quan L.N., Chung K., Kim D.H. Plasmonic Solar Cells: From Rational Design to Mechanism Overview, Chem. Rev., 2016, vol. 116, No. 24, pp. 14982–15034. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00302
Tore N., Parlak E., Gunes S., Ozturk U., Utkan G., Denizci A.A., Basarir F. Efficiency Enhancement of P3HT: PCBM Based Organic Photovoltaic Devices via Incorporation of Bio-synthesized Gold Nanoparticles, Austin J Nanomed Nanotechnol, 2014, vol.2, No. 6, pp. 1036-1 - 1036-5.
Stratakis E., Kymakis E. Nanoparticle-based plasmonic organic photovoltaic devices, Materials Today, 2013, vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 133 – 146. DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2013.04.006.
Gan Q., Bartoli F. J., Kafafi Z. H. Plasmonic-enhaced organic photovoltaics: breaking the 10% efficiency barrier. Adv. Mater., 2013, vol. 25, No. 17, pp. 2385 – 2396. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203323.
Cushing S.K., Wu N. Plasmon-Enhanced Solar Energy Harvesting, Electrochem. Soc. Interfacem, 2013, vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 63 – 67. DOI: 10.1149/2F08132if.
Nishijima Y., Ueno K., Kotakw Y., Murakoshi K., Inoue H., Misawa H. Near-Infrared Plasmon-Assisted Water Oxidation, J.Phys. Chem. Lett., 2012, vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 1248 – 1252. DOI: 10.1021/jz3003316.
Kochergin V., Neely L., Jao C.-Y., obinson H.D. Aluminum plasmonic nanostructures for improved absorption in organic photovoltaic devices, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2011, vol. 98, No. 13, p. 133305. DOI: 10.1063/1.3574091.
Zhang Y., Ouyang Z., Stokes N., Jia B., Shi Z., Gu M. Low cost and high performance Al nanoparticles for broadband light trapping in Si wafer solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, vol. 100, No. 15, p. 151101. DOI: 10.1063/1.3703121.
Jayathilake D. S., Nirmal Peiris T. A. Overview on Transparent Conducting Oxides and State of the Art of Low-cost Doped ZnO Systems, S.F. J.Mater. Chem Eng., 2018, vol. 1, p. 1004.
Oba F., Togo A., Tanaka I., Paier J., Kresse G. Defect energetics in ZnO: A hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional study, Phys.Rev. B, 2008, vol. 77, No. 24, p. 245202. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.245202.
Vidap R. V., Bandgar S. S., Shahane G. S. Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Sol-Gel Spin Coated Al-doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films, J. Nanosci. and Nano Eng., 2015, vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 259-264.
Chenb W.-J., Liua W.-L., Hsieh S.-H., Hsua Y.-G. Synthesis of ZnO:Al Transparent Conductive Thin Films Using Sol-gel Method, Procedia Engineering, 2012, vol. 36, pp. 54 – 61. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.03.010
Kondratiev V. I., Kink I., Romanov A. E. Low temperature sol-gel technique for processing Al-doped Zinc Oxide films, Materials Physics and Mechanics, 2013, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 38 - 46.
Schuler T., Aegerter M. A. Optical, electrical and structural properties of sol gel ZnO:Al coatings, Thin Solid Films, 1999, vol. 351, No. 1-2, pp. 125 – 131. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00211-4
Touam T., Vrel D., Souded N., Yahia S.B., Brinza O., Fischer A., Boudrioua A. AZO Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process for Integrated Optics, Coatings, 2013, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 126 – 139. DOI: 10.3390/coatings3030126.
Ghorbani H.R. A Review of Methods for Synthesis of Al Nanoparticles, Oriental J. Chem., 2014, vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 1941 – 1949. DOI: 10.13005/ojc/300456.
Meziani M. J., Bunker C. E., Lu F. S., Li H. T., Wang W., Guliants E. A., Quinn R. A., Sun Y. P. Formation and Properties of Stabilized Aluminum Nanoparticles, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2009, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 703 – 709. DOI: 10.1021/am800209m.
Chandra S., Kumar A., Tomar P.K. Synthesis of Al nanoparticles: Transmission electron microscopy, thermal and spectral studies, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2012, vol. 92, No. 15, pp. 392– 397. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.034.
Manikam V.R., Cheong K. Y., Razak K. A. Chemical reduction methods for synthesizing Ag and Al nanoparticles and their respective nanoalloys, Materials Sci. Eng. B, 2011, vol. 176, No. 3, pp. 187–203. DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2010.11.006.
Gilaki M. Synthesis of magnetic Al/Au nanoparticles by co-reduction of Au3+ and Al3+ metal salts. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci, 2010, vol. 13, No. 16, pp. 809 – 813.
Kislyuk V. V., Trachevskij V. V. NMR study of Au/Al bimetallic nanosystems in solution, Proc. 10th SSSI, Smolenice, Slovak Republic, November 19 – 22, 2018, pp.40 – 41.
