Analytical review of methods and technologies for real-time big data processing in IoT infrastructures

Authors

  • M.O. Kalashnyk State University "Kyiv Aviation Institute"

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.82.20364

Keywords:

Internet of Things, big data, stream analytics, real-time processing, Apache Kafka, Flink, anomaly detection, Edge/Fog/Cloud, adaptive learning, Complex Event Processing

Abstract

This paper presents an analytical review of modern methods and technologies for real-time big data processing in Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures. It explores data stream sources, structural variability, and the key processing requirements such as latency, fault tolerance, and continuous availability. The advantages and limitations of Edge, Fog, and Cloud architectures are discussed, along with Lambda and Kappa approaches for building high-performance IoT systems. Special attention is given to stream processing platforms – Apache Kafka, Flink, Storm, and Spark Streaming – with an evaluation of their scalability, fault tolerance, and ease of deployment. The study highlights state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods in streaming data, including AutoEncoder, LSTM, and Isolation Forest, as well as the use of Complex Event Processing (CEP) for composite event analysis. Real-world applications in smart city systems, industrial automation, and healthcare are examined. The article summarizes current challenges and outlines directions for future research on improving security, adaptability, and efficiency in heterogeneous real-time IoT environments.

References

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Published

2025-08-23

Issue

Section

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