CHARACTERISTICS OF THROTTLE CAVITATION GENERATORS FOR EROSION TESTING OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/0370-2197.1(110).20932Keywords:
hydraulic drive, throttle device, cavitation erosion, hydraulic drive system, cavitation-induced pressure fluctuationsAbstract
Practical interest for researchers and engineers in hydraulic machinery engineering lies in the development of effective methods for accelerated erosion testing of structural materials under conditions that are as close as possible to real hydrodynamic cavitation regimes. This paper investigates the characteristics of throttle-type hydrodynamic generators of cavitation-induced pressure fluctuations and evaluates their suitability for erosion testing of structural materials.
The aim of the study is to determine effective operating regimes of throttle cavitation generators and to assess the influence of generator operating conditions on the intensity and localization of cavitation erosion.
Experimental investigations were carried out on a hydraulic test bench at pressures of up to 25 MPa using throttle devices of various types (cylindrical nozzle, converging–diverging nozzle, Borda nozzle, rectangular channel, and orifice plate). Aluminum alloys D16ATV and AMtsM, which are characterized by increased sensitivity to cavitation damage, were used as model materials. Measurements of rapidly varying cavitation-induced pressure fluctuations were performed over a wide frequency range, accompanied by simultaneous evaluation of specimen mass loss.
It was established that throttle cavitation generators produce stochastic cavitation pressure fluctuations with a wide frequency band ranging from several hundred hertz to several tens of kilohertz, with amplitudes comparable to the supply pressure. It is shown that with an increase in dimensionless back pressure, the amplitude of cavitation pressure fluctuations decreases, while the spectral energy maxima shift toward the high-frequency range, which is associated with the dominance of small-cavity collapse. Optimal distances from the throttle generator to the specimen surface and operating regimes providing maximum cavitation erosion intensity were determined. It is demonstrated that cylindrical and converging–diverging nozzles ensure the most efficient conversion of flow energy into the energy of cavitation pressure fluctuations.
The obtained results confirm the feasibility of using throttle-type hydrodynamic cavitation generators for erosion testing of structural materials and make it possible to bring laboratory cavitation erosion studies closer to the real operating conditions of hydraulic system components.
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