ECOLOGICAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR AT THE URBAN ECOSYSTEM BY THE STATE OF THE DEPOSIT ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.81.14602Keywords:
phytoindication, test object, snow cover, phytotoxic effect, garden cress (Lepidium sativum), urban ecosystemAbstract
Industrial activity and emissions of road transport is one of the major sources of pollution in urban ecosystems and poses a significant threat to the health of urban populations due to dust emissions into the atmosphere. The high cumulative capacity of toxic metals, in particular the plumbum, leads to its entry into the atmospheric air, soil and groundwater, and ultimately to accumulation in the tissues and organs of plant organisms. There is a correlation between the content of toxic metals in the atmospheric air and their fallout within the sanitary protection zone of industrial and motor transport enterprises and distribution throughout the urban ecosystem. Snow cover stores pollution, thus, it is often used to assess the state of the air. The layer-by-layer sampling of the snow cover allows determining the pollution dynamics and the influence of the production capacities of enterprises on the state of the urban ecosystem. The bioassay methods using plant organisms as test objects is based on their sensitivity to exogenous chemical effects and is reflected in the response of plants to pollutants. Determination of physico-chemical parameters of the snow cover and calculation of phytotoxic effect based on the phytotesting methods allows to detect not only the presence of toxic metals in the snow cover, but also to obtain reliable information about their distribution in the atmospheric air of cities. According to the researches results, the indexes for the lengths of Lepidium sativum shoots were obtained. The test object was germinated in a snow cover sampled at a distance of 5 to 50 m near the WOG filling station enterprise. The data obtained were compared with the values of the shoots length of test objects germinated in snow samples from the territory of the park area. It was established that the level of atmospheric air pollution with toxic metals is the highest at a distance of 50 m from WOG filling station. The physico-chemical parameters of the snow cover and the phytotoxic effect indicate a high probability of toxic metals entry into the atmospheric air beyond the limits of the sanitary protection zone of WOG filling station and into the residential areas.
References
Baran A., Jasiewicz C., Antonkiewicz J. (2009). Testing toxicity of oily grounds using phytotoxkit tests. The First Joint PSE-SETAC Conference on Ecotoxicology. Book of Abstracts. Poland, poster. (in Poland)
Barabash O. V., Solodka Y. V. (2011). Assessment of the intensity of snow cover in the roadside zone of Kyiv as an indicator of atmospheric air pollution. Visnyk Natsionalʹnoho transportnoho universytetu. 22, 46−52. (in Ukrainian)
Ashykhmyna T.Y. (2005). Environmental monitoring. M.: Akademycheskyy Proekt (in Russian)
Chyrvynskyy P.N. (1931). Snow and snow retention: with satin. Rostov-na-Donu: Sevvernyy Kavkaz. p. 240. (in Russian)
Vasilenko V.N., Nazarov I.M., Fridman Sh.D (1985). Monitoring of snow cover pollution. L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 182 p. (in Russian)
Artemov V.M., Partsef D.P., Sayet Yu.Ye. (1982). Analysis of the state of pollution of the snow cover for the design of the ANKOS-A station network. Metodicheskiye i sistemotekhnicheskiye voprosy kontrolya zagryazneniya okruzhayushchey sredy: trudy IMPG. Vyp. 48. P. 144 −149. (in Russian)
Ines A. PinhoDaniela V. LopesRui C. Martins Margarida J. Quin (2017). Phytotoxicity assessment of olive mill solid wastes and the influence of phenolic compounds. Chemosphere. Vol. 185. Р 258−267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.002
Tesfamichael H. Kebrom, Selamawit Woldesenbet, Haimanote K. Bayabil, Monique Garcia, Ming Gao, Peter Ampim, Ripendra Awal, Ali Fares. (2019). Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Vol. 26. Issue 6, pp. 5454-5462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3928-4
Aranda E., García-Romera I., Ocampo J.A., Carbone V., Mari A., Malorni A. C. (2012). Chemical characterization and effects on Lepidium sativum of the native and bioremediated components of dry olive mill residue. Chemosphere. Vol. 69 (2), pp. 229−239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.026
Manual for the evaluation of laboratories performing aquatic toxicity tests. (1991). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. EPA/600/4-90/031, 108 p.
Blok, C., Persoone, G., Wever, G. (2008). A practical and low cost microbiotest to assess the phytotoxic potential of growing media and soil. Acta Hortic. № 779, pp. 367−374. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.779.46
Yegorova Ye.I, Belolipetskaya V.I. (2000). Biotesting and bioindication of the environment: Textbook. allowance for the course "Biotesting" Obninsk: Obnin. in-t atom. energetiki. 78 p. (in Russian)
Tarasenko I.N. (1999). To the question of bioassay. Ekologiya i okhrana okruzhayushchey sredy. №5, pp. 56−59. (in Russian)
Bushtuyeva K.A., Partsef D.P., Bekker A.A., Revich B.A. 1964. The choice of observation zones in large industrial cities to identify the effect of atmospheric pollution on public health. Gigiyenicheskaya sanitariya. № 1, pp. 4−6. (in Russian)
Methodological recommendations for assessing the degree of atmospheric air pollution of settlements by metals according to their content in the snow cover and soil (approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR of 05.15.1990 N 5174-90). 17p. (in Russian)
Shevchenkivska district in the city of Kyiv State Administration. Available at: https://shev.kyivcity.gov.ua/content/menyu-2.html (date of death: September 15, 2019).] (in Ukrainian)]
Central geophysical observatory in the name of Boris Sreznevsky. Available at: http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kiev.ua/ (date of death: 02.09.2019) (in Ukrainian)
