Science-based technologies

METHOD OF MIXED STEGANOCOMPRESSION CODING IN POSITIONAL-POLYADIC BASIS

Dmitriy Barannik — 2025-03-21

The article substantiates that the achievement of relevant requirements in the process of organizing video information support and information security policy is an important aspect of achieving the effectiveness of critical infrastructure management. Here it is necessary to take into account the fact that video information resources can simultaneously have two functional purposes, namely: significant information from the point of view of key influence on the effectiveness of analysis and decision-making in CRIS and DSS; containers for hiding special information in integrated information security systems. The relevance and criticality of ensuring the confidentiality of (special) information using the stage of formation and/or transmission by onboard infocommunication systems under martial law is shown. It is shown that confidentiality in the general case can be ensured by an integrated approach. For this, cryptographic protection and steganographic transformation (STT) technologies are involved. At the same time, the relevance and significance of the use of STT is increasing. At the same time, there are the following disadvantages for modern options for the combined sequential use of steganographic and compression transformations. Hence, the existing STT methods do not meet the requirements for the following indicators: the speed of the embedded message channel hidden in the encrypted video stream; steganographic container; limiting the impact on the effectiveness of compression coding; integrity of hidden information seized on the receiving side; unmasking the fact of the presence of hidden messages built into the aircraft. Thus, the purpose of the article is to increase the efficiency of steganographic transformations in the process of transmitting a compressed (encoded) video stream by infocommunication networks for the specified properties of video services using on-board ICS. A method of mixed steganocompression coding based on a positional-polyadic basis with masking has been created. The basic characteristics of the method are: created hip-compression transformations in a mixed-masked basis; implementation of two-stage code-compression implementation of the hidden message element added to the stegan-position polyadic number.

MODELS FOR IMPROVING SERVICE QUALITY IN IP TELEPHONY SYSTEMS

Viktor Gnatyuk — 2025-03-21

In the modern world, the Internet Protocol (IP) has become the primary means of data transmission, including voice communications. IP telephony is actively replacing traditional telephone systems due to its flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to integrate with other services. The increase in internet users, the development of cloud technologies, and the implementation of VoIP in business processes drive the demand for reliable and high-quality IP telephony systems.

However, key challenges for IP telephony remain factors such as voice transmission delays, packet loss, jitter variation, and susceptibility to network congestion. Unstable service quality can negatively impact user experience, especially in corporate settings and contact centers, where IP telephony is crucial for operational activities. Given the growing demands for high-quality voice communication and the development of services dependent on it (such as video conferencing, multimedia calls, etc.), the issue of enhancing service quality is becoming even more urgent.

Thus, research and development of new models and approaches to improving service quality in IP telephony systems is a relevant area aimed at providing continuous and high-quality communication for users worldwide.

This study examines existing models for improving service quality in IP telephony systems and the main QoS indicators in IP telephony. Approaches to improving existing models for enhancing service quality in IP telephony systems are defined. The development of a hybrid optimization model is proposed, combining AI and machine learning for automatic tuning and improvement of communication quality based on real data on load and traffic quality.

METHOD COMPRESSION SEGMENTED VIDEO STREAM IN CLUSTERED SPECTRAL-PARAMETRIC SPACE

Evgenіy Elіseev — 2025-03-21

It is shown that in the process of combining different technologies to build complex infrastructure systems, problematic contradictions arise. One of these is the contradiction between certain requirements for the provision of intellectualized video services and the provision of categories of their security and reliability of functioning. This is especially true for technological approaches that use wireless information and network technologies in the presence of cyber attacks. The article states that solutions to this type of contradictions are accompanied by the appearance of the following features: an increase in the complexity of video information flows; increasing the level of their information intensity; increase in pixel volume of video frames. This raises the question of the limited possibility of existing technologies for processing and encoding video data in the conditions of ensuring the quality of video services with the involvement of wireless information and network systems. Accordingly, the performance analysis of existing methods indicates their limited capabilities in terms of encoding complex streams of segmented video data. Hence the need for further development of technologies and methods of video data compression. The option for the development of compression methods is to further improve individual technological stages of JPEG-compatible platforms. Here, as a basic one, it is proposed to choose an approach that is based on reduced redundancies in spectral-parametric space. Hence, it is proposed to use a segmented data flow pre-processing device. This allows you to determine the level of complexity of the content and carry out the stages of its clustering while building adaptive transformations to compress their volume. In this direction, it is necessary to use the technology of processing a segmented video data stream in a unified spectral-parametric space. A technology for compressing a set of transformants of a cluster has been developed, the basic components of which are: formation of a spectral-parametric description of transformants; clustering of the general sequence of transformants; representation of the components of the structural components of the SPOT in differentially normalized space; binary block coding according to the local-monotonic code definition strategy; Generalized code description of the transformant sequence.

METHOD OF DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL WAVELET BASIS FOR SPEECH SIGNAL PRO-CESSING

Oleksandr Lavrynenko — 2025-03-21

This paper considers a method for selecting the optimal wavelet function as the basis of wavelet transform. Existing approaches to the optimal selection of the mother wavelet function for processing speech signals are based on the criterion of the minimum entropy of wavelet coefficients, and have one major drawback, which is that entropy is characterized only by the probability distribution of the appearance of certain wavelet coefficients in the speech signal. This fact does not allow the existing approach to be considered optimal, since it does not take into account the accuracy of speech signal reconstruction by wavelet coefficients. Thus, the developed method for determining the optimal wavelet basis takes into account not only the absolute entropy index, but also its effect on the reconstruction of the speech signal, which will be based on finding the optimal value of the adaptive threshold filtering of the wavelet coefficients of the speech signal, where objective quantitative metrics, such as the root mean square error of the input and processed signals, as well as the energy of the wavelet coefficients before and after thresholding, will serve as a functional assessment of the signal reconstruction error. The proposed method shows an algorithm for analyzing wavelet spectra with different wavelet functions in order to evaluate their suitability for optimal processing of speech signals in the tasks of filtering, compression, coding, synthesis and speech recognition. As a result, it is shown that in the task of processing speech signals using wavelet analysis, the Meyer wavelet is the most optimal. The paper presents the developed optimality criterion for selecting the generating wavelet function as the basis of the wavelet transform. The criterion is based on the determination of the local energy density of the frequency distribution of the wavelet spectrum of the speech signal and on the possibility to reconstruct the signal using the inverse wavelet transform with the smallest error. The study showed that the efficiency of the developed method increased by 20.5 % or 1.4 times, in contrast to the existing method based on the minimum entropy criterion is 52.1 %, and amounted to 72.6 %.

RESEARCH OF THE MULTIPATH TRAFFIC ROUTING METHOD IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS NETWORK

Serhii Chumachenko — 2025-03-21

Load balancing is the process of redistributing network traffic between several channels in order to reduce the load on congested communication lines. This is achieved through the use of multipath routing protocols, which have the ability to redirect data along alternative paths, which contributes to more efficient delivery of information. When forming a group of routes with different technical characteristics, traffic distribution plays a key role. Incorrect distribution of traffic can lead to a decrease in the equivalent data transfer rate. Therefore, a methodology is needed that takes into account both the selection of the optimal set of routes and the determination of traffic distribution coefficients on each of them.

The proposed method is based on the principles of dynamic programming for the optimal selection of a subset of routes and determination of the values of traffic distribution coefficients, which ensures their consistency with the network. The results of the simulation show that the proposed strategy can significantly increase the efficiency of using network resources. Compared to random selection of routes and uniform distribution of traffic, the data transfer rate increases by an average of 40%.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE APPROACH TO TRANSFORMATION AND CODING TECHNOLOGY IN VIDEO IMAGE HIDING AND COMPRESSION SYSTEMS

Sergii Toliupa — 2025-03-21

It is clear that classical compression methods implemented on the JPEG platform do not improve the saturation level of the image. An explanation is given for the duration of the hourly costs and the pressure coefficient for the correlation stage of the image elements. To increase the efficiency of the compression technology, it is necessary to change the robot stage of reorganizing the image elements from the space-hour area into the spectral-frequency area. It is lined that directly with further advanced technology, the image is pressed in the increased potential to change the required time to the new orthogonal transformation before the hour of image processing. It is confirmed that when processing highly saturated images with piecewise constant functions, there is a change in the number of arithmetic operations in equalization with sine-cosine transformations. Systems of analytical expressions have been created that practically allow one to measure the values of the characteristics of technical features, for which the hourly costs for orthogonal transformation of piecewise functions will be less than similar costs, rather than stagnation of the original methods What will happen on the sine-cosine conversion. The minimum gain per hour of processing for orthogonal transformation by piecewise constant functions and sine-cosine transformation in the average is 3.6 and 2.75 times similar for the size of the processed block. Such a game of reasoning is due to the fact that the values of the matrix elements are based on piecewise constant functions and are integer numbers that take values 1 and -1. Therefore, the transformation is based only on integer arithmetic operations. The technology of approximation of image elements by piecewise constant functions has been proposed and has the potential to change the processing time of orthogonal transformation in image compression technology. In this case, the technology has sufficient power due to the technological complexity with the peculiarities of image processing based on the JPEG platform. Practical research to ensure that the required level of visual strength is achieved after decompression.

ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE FLIGHT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM’S EFFICIENCY IN INCOMPLETE INFORMATION CONDITIONS

Oleksandr Bondik — 2025-03-21

The new requirements of modern management systems in our highly technological flight opera-tions demand that critical systems be adaptable, especially in incomplete information conditions. This work focuses on the FOMS adaptation and presents a set of comprehensive techniques to be used in the development of FOMSs to increase their level of adaptation during incomplete information conditions in flight operations. That’s why the assessing the Flight Operations Management System’s efficiency under incomplete information requires considering the role of uncertainty, data gaps, and real-time decision-making.

The purpose of this article is to present a new assessment approach of the Airlines Flight Operations Management System’s (FOMS) functioning efficiency in incomplete information conditions. Methods: The article describes the runtime method which increase the adaptation degree of Airlines FOMS to functioning in incomplete information conditions, such as the assessing method of management quality influence on the managed system’s performance with a specific metric called FOMS’s Effectiveness E_FMOS to evaluate this influence by varying influence factors related to the management system within it’s management strategy. Results: An analytical model of management quality influence on the Airlines FOMS’s effectiveness. Discussion: The proposed new approach will allow to increase the Airlines FOMS’s functioning efficiency in a high degree of uncertainty and incomplete information conditions.

Future research will explore scenarios where management activities, such as load balancing and admission control, could enhance and sustain the FOMS’s performance and efficiency.

INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF NAVIGATION TOOLS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE TEMPERATURES FOR EFFICIENT OPERATION BY WATER TRANSPORT

Оlexander Sapronov — 2025-03-21

Thanks to advanced logistics, water transport transports an unlimited amount of various cargoes. Therefore, water transport is one of the world's largest carriers. First, this is due to the extensive network of ports and sea routes, which allows transporting goods over long distances, including intercontinental ones. Therefore, ensuring global connectivity is critical to delivering goods on time.

The work presents the technological aspects of improving the thermophysical characteristics of epoxy composite protective coatings to protect navigational means of water transport that operate under variable external factors. The polymerized ED-20 epoxy binder was used with PEPA polyethylene polyamine hardener to form epoxy composite protective coatings. The biocidal filler trimethoprim C₁₄H₁₈N₄O₃ (CAS: 738-70-5) was used to increase the thermophysical properties of polymeric materials, with a content of 5.0-30.0 pts.wt. Based on thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal (DTA) analysis, the values of the critical parameters necessary to determine the temperature range at which it is possible to operate the developed epoxy composite coatings intended for the protection of navigation aids without changing their properties, in particular: the maximum temperature of the beginning of mass loss is – T₀ = 609 K; relative mass loss – ε_m = 69%; the initial temperature of the exoeffect is Т_init = 488 K; the maximum value of the peak temperature of the exoeffect is T_max = 550 K. A mathematical calculation of the values of the activation energy of thermal destruction was performed to determine the resistance to the destruction of chemical bonds under the influence of temperature. It has been proven that epoxy composite coatings filled with trimethoprim at a content of 15.0 pts.wt. are characterized by the maximum activation energy of E_a = 167 kJ/mol, which indicates the thermal stability of filled epoxy composite coatings. The course of physicochemical processes of thermal destruction of epoxy composite coatings filled with trimethoprim was determined by the method of IR spectral analysis.

Based on complex studies using DTA, TGA, IR spectral analysis, and mathematical calculation of the activation energy, it was proved that the operating temperature range of the developed epoxy coatings should not exceed 488 K.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF A MECHANICAL INERTIAL IMPULSE DRIVE

Borys Zhurylenko — 2025-03-21

For the movement of spacecraft with astronauts in outer space over long distances, efficient systems of engines and thrusters are needed to accelerate the apparatus to the required speeds. This, accordingly, will reduce the time astronauts spend in conditions where there is radiation and other harmful effects on their health, and will reduce the flight time. Reusable aerospace systems have long seemed like a promising replacement for rockets. However, it is still impossible to create a ship and organize manned interstellar flights at all. At the moment, there are many unsolved problems, one of which is the problem of choosing an engine. There is a pseudoscientific concept related to inertial propulsion and has two opposing opinions: one indicates that such an engine in a closed system (for example, a spacecraft) cannot be built, and the second, on the contrary, it is possible, and models operating in terrestrial conditions are given, the action of which is not always clearly explained. I would like this problem to be solved from a scientific point of view. But, if the pseudoscientific concept of an inertial propulsion system is wrong and it is possible to build such a system, then it would solve some problems associated with flights, both in space and on Earth. If such a system were available, it would be possible to create an ideal spacecraft that would use an electric motor and a pulse mechanical inertial propulsion system. Solar panels or an electric generator powered by a nuclear reactor could be used as a long-term source of electrical energy to power the electric motor. The mass of the spacecraft will practically not change during the flight. The purpose of the article is to theoretically show or refute the possibility of creating a mechanical inertial propulsion system for flights in outer space and on Earth. The paper theoretically considers the possibility of building a pulse inertial propulsion system from the energy point of view, the amount of momentum and the momentum of the force. As a result of the theoretical studies performed, the possibility and principle of operation of a mechanical impulse inertial propulsion system for closed systems have been shown, which, in particular, can be used for accelerating spacecraft during interplanetary flights, as well as for space shuttles with wings. It should be noted that only practical experimental research in space can remove the status of a pseudoscientific concept from the inertial propulsion system.

DETERMINATION THE LOADING OF A VESSEL WITH “HEAVY” CARGO ON A VOYAGE UNDER THE TERMS OF A VOYAGE CHARTER PARTY

Yuliia Koskina — 2025-03-21

The paper is focused on determining the procedure for calculating the quantity of cargo that a vessel can take for transportation (voyage loading) in a voyage performed under a voyage charter party. The voyage loading of a vessel with a “heavy” cargo is limited by her cargo carrying capacity on a voyage, which largely depends on the deadweight of the vessel in the climatic zone of the voyage, which is a consequence of the safety requirements for voyage process in accordance with the International Convention on Load Lines. The paper presents a general procedure for calculating the cargo carrying capacity of a vessel, based on different values of the calculated deadweights of the vessel in different climatic zones of the voyage, the procedure for determining which is also presented in the paper. The procedure for determining the calculated deadweights of the vessel as a basis for estimating the voyage loading for voyages with one and two changes in cargo mark is presented. A generalized algorithm for determining the cargo carrying capacity of a vessel is proposed, the implementation of which is illustrated by an examples of the calculations. It is emphasized that the results of calculating the cargo carrying capacity themselves are of an exclusively technological nature, since they only assess the vessel's ability to accept a certain consignment of cargo for safe transportation by quantity. Currently, the process of a voyage under the terms of a voyage charter party requires the correlation of the obtained calculated the cargo carrying capacity of the vessel for the voyage with the terms on the quantity of cargo. Specified in the voyage charter as a term determined by the charterer, it also in a certain sense limits the shipowner-carrier's ability to carry a certain uqantity of cargo, establishing the minimum and maximum size of the ship's consignment. Variants of correlating the estimated cargo carrying capacity of the vessel per voyage with the quantity of cargo in accordance with the voyage charter party are considered, on the basis of which possible variants of the quantity of cargo that will actually be сarryied by the voyage under the terms of the voyage charter party are determined.

REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MODELS FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF SOFTWARE IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Roman Hamretskyi — 2025-03-21

Modern information and communication systems (ICS) are the foundation of the digital society, ensuring effective interaction between organizations, clients, and technologies. The relevance of this research is driven by the increasing complexity of ICS and the necessity to ensure high-quality software (SW) that underpins these systems. Traditional software quality evaluation models, such as ISO/IEC 25010, CMMI, McCall, and others, do not always meet current technological challenges, as they were developed in the context of earlier technologies and do not account for the specifics of cloud computing, microservice architecture, IoT, and artificial intelligence.

The problem statement highlights that existing software quality evaluation models may be insufficient for fully assessing the quality of modern ICS. They do not consider critically important aspects such as adaptability to rapid changes, global scalability, integration with various services and systems, and heightened security requirements amid growing cyber threats. This may lead to decreased reliability and security of ICS, negatively affecting business processes and user trust.

Solutions to the problem involve improving existing models or developing new ones that correspond to current challenges and trends. The article analyzes recent research and publications, emphasizing the need to adapt software quality assurance methods to the specifics of telecommunication networks and ICS, integrate security aspects, utilize artificial intelligence methods for automating quality assessment processes, and consider user experience and usability.

The research results include a detailed analysis of existing software quality evaluation methods and models, such as ISO/IEC 25010, CMMI, McCall, Boehm, Dromey, FURPS/FURPS+, GQM, ISO/IEC 9126, TQM, and Six Sigma. These models are compared based on criteria important for modern ICS, including reliability, performance, usability, security, scalability, and others. It was found that none of the existing models fully meet all current requirements, confirming the need for their improvement.

The conclusions state that the main directions for improvement are adaptation to new technologies, integration of security aspects, focus on user experience, automation of quality assessment, and application of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach. The development of universal and adaptive software quality evaluation models is recommended to ensure high reliability, security, and efficiency of ICS in a dynamic technological environment.