Electronics and Control Systems

Two-circuit System of Automated Control of Low-Altitude Helicopter Flight

Мykola Filyashkin — 2024-03-29

The mode of automatic control of a low-altitude flight of a helicopter over heavily rugged
terrain based on information about the inclined range is considered. It is shown that at high flight speeds it is impossible to overcome strictly vertical obstacles without changing the angle of inclination of the rangefinder antenna to the horizon depending on the flight speed, or without reducing the flight speed when approaching such an obstacle. Algorithms for controlling low-altitude flight using a two-channel scheme are proposed, namely, at high speeds through the longitudinal channel of the swashplate, and at low speeds – through the channel of the general pitch of the main rotor. The problem of optimal control of low-altitude helicopter flight is formulated, which can be presented as a variational problem with
restrictions on phase coordinates and control influences. Ways to optimize the process of circumventing an obstacle with forecasting the trajectory of the helicopter on a certain section of the route with
subsequent stabilization of the helicopter on this trajectory are shown.

Methods for Measuring the Efficiency of UAVs in the Air Navigation System

Haoyang Li — 2024-03-29

The article discusses the concept of efficiency in the context of assessment system solutions and the methods used to measure it. Efficiency is defined as the ability to produce effects and achieve results, while effectiveness is understood as the outcome of certain actions. Efficiency theory is based on operations research and decision-making methods using mathematical models such as probability theory and machine learning techniques. The results of performance measurements can be used to solve a variety of practical problems related to unmanned aerial vehicles, including comparing similar systems, conducting operational assessments, and optimizing requirements. The paper also discusses the modification of flight control and planning models, where stochastic parameters that affect mission quality need to be considered. Societal effects, such as flight normality and safety, can be measured by direct assessment methods and statistical metrics. More generalized metrics can be used to assess flight safety by comparing the number of accidents and workload. Suggested methods include the use of mathematical models and integration techniques to assess flight safety.

The Latest Means of Communications Based on LTE and MIMO Technologies in 3G, 4G Networks: Application for Contemporary Biomedical Practice in Rural Ukraine

Vladimir Shutko — 2024-03-29

The network organization of the systems of economic entities, which are distributed remotely over large territories, require the creation of high-quality communications for them. The purpose of present work was to demonstrate the possibility of using the latest means of communication based on Long-Term Evolution and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output technologies (LTE- and MIMO- technologies) in 3G and 4G networks to solve contemporary tasks of organizing of high-quality mobile communication in some places of the territory of Ukraine for the works that need biological and medical information in rarely settled, remote regions. The publication provides the author's data on the practical organization of communication in rural areas and considers the following issues. 1- Determination of spatial parameters of the LTE standard network. 2- Preparation of a map of the area. 3- Choosing an LTE network planning option. 4- Principles of construction and operation of LTE networks. 5- P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) functions. 6- MME (Mobility Management Entity) functions. 7- Functions of PCRF. MME (Mobility Management Entity) functions. 8- Functions of PCRF. 9- Peculiarities of using upper and lower frequencies for LTE. 10- Application of MIMO technology in LTE. 11- Application of MIMO technology in 3G and 4G networks. The results of the performed works can be applied for the networked structures development for the use in domestic economy, agriculture, for the science branches like biology, nature protection, and for information systems for such branches. In the result of the work done the type of antenna, other equipment were suggested; they should be used to strengthen 3G and 4G Long-Term Evolution communication in such conditions, as well as suitable 4G antenna for modem or router. Obtained results are suitable for providing of the work of information systems in agriculture, ecological monitoring, other areas of activities, based on biological and medical information; they all need quick data exchange as well as for scientific centers, other settlements, for which such communication possibilities primarily were developed.

Absorbance Spectra of Co2+ Alkanoate Liquid Crystals and Smectic Glasses

Aleksandra Gridyakina — 2024-03-29

The work is devoted to the study of the optical properties of ionic thermotropic liquid crystals of the homologous series of cobalt alkanoates and their smectic glasses using methods of electronic spectroscopy. The aim of the study was to determine the dominant coordination of cobalt cations in the alkanoate matrix and the nature of the matrix's influence on the absorption of samples. It is shown that the dominant coordination of cobalt ions in the studied media is the octahedron. A significant decrease in the absorption coefficient with the increase in the length of the aliphatic chain in the homologous series of cobalt alkanoates is due to a decrease in both the volume concentration of the cobalt cation complexes and the values of the dipole moments of the d-d transitions.

Method of Planning and Coordination of Robot Movement Using Neural Networks for Solution of Dynamic Production Scenarios

Victor Sineglazov — 2024-03-29

The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to planning the trajectory of a robot manipulator using an intelligent system based on neural networks. For this purpose, the work considered the processes of planning and deploying the movement of the robot. The analysis of existing methods of planning the movement of robot manipulators and the review of intelligent control systems provided a comprehensive picture of the current state of this issue. A system is proposed that can perceive the environment and controls the movement of the robot by generating correct control commands. For this purpose, 3 tasks were solved, namely, the analysis of the environment in order to determine its features, the determination of the trajectory in order to neutralize the collision, and the determination of controlled influences for the executive bodies in order to implement the movement. The functionality and structure of the neural network for solving each of the tasks is proposed. The proposed approach is compared with existing approaches on key parameters, such as the execution time of the planned movement and the time of calculating the movement trajectory. The results confirmed that the use of neural network to optimize the trajectory and dynamic prediction to avoid obstacles significantly increased the adaptability of the system to the changing conditions of the production environment, which opens up new opportunities for improving automated processes and providing optimal conditions for the functioning of manipulator robots in real-time.

Modeling of Ferric Nanoparticles Fe3+ Interactions with thin Films of Organic Substances

Olena Klyuchko — 2024-03-29

The results of solving the problem of modeling the interaction of iron Fe³⁺ nanoparticles with thin bilayer membranes were represented. The purpose of the work was to create a physical model of the behavior and interaction of Fe³⁺ iron nanoparticles, which are located near thin films of organic substances. For this, physical model systems with thin films - BPM (bilayer phospholipid membranes) and BLM (bilayer lipid membranes) were considered and analyzed, and iron nanoparticles were introduced into these systems. To fulfill the given task, the data search methods ("data mining") obtained by the gas-liquid chromatography were used, as well as ones obtained in experiments with registration of transmembrane electric currents through artificial two-layer BPM and BLM membranes, and partially ones from the experiments on natural membranes with technique of voltage clamp. Since the applied FeCl₃ undergoes hydrolysis, the formed hydroxyl groups interact with BLM membranes, also participating in the sum of interaction effects. Thus, it was concluded about the important role of hydroxyl groups in the mechanism of anionic selectivity of BLM, which is a confirmation of previously obtained research data. A number of effects with participation of ionophores, which increase the ion permeability of artificial BLM membranes, were also considered; they can bind metal ions due to ion-dipole interaction. The described system with a membrane and iron (III) ions located near it can be used to study a number of phenomena on both artificial and natural membranes, for example, when iron nanoparticles were absorbed by human body from the environment. For all considered cases, known physical and physico-chemical regularities and the corresponding developed mathematical apparatus were verified. Namely, analytical expressions based on electrostatic interactions of electric charges associated with Fe³⁺ ions and localized on membrane surfaces were valid for describing the considered effects. The considered model membranes are on the border between living and non-living nature. At the same time, these systems are simple systems to which the laws of physics and physical chemistry are applicable. And, in some cases, when developing some technical hybrid systems, they can play the role of biosensors. Due to their simplicity, such models can be reproduced quite easily in the conditions of experiments, substances testing with analytical purpose in extreme situations. Therefore, such simple, reliable, tested methods can be used in wartime situations with limited laboratory resources.

Basic Stages of Technique for Designing Systems of Stabilization for Moving Vehicles Equipment

Olexander Saluyk — 2024-03-29

The basic stages of technique for designing systems for stabilization of apparatus operated on moving vehicles are described. The most important design stages are listed. The main features of forming specification of requirements are represented. The characteristic of choosing basic components for the stabilization system, first of all inertial rate sensors and electric motors, are described. Principles of simulation of basic components of the stabilization system are given. The approaches for designing control laws in stabilization and tracking loops are represented including designing PID regulators and robust controllers. The basic approaches for checks of synthesised stabilization system by means of simulation are represented. The simulation results on the example of the robust stabilization system are given. The advantages of application of the robust system in conditions of disturbances are shown. The obtained results can be useful for measuring and observation devices operated on moving vehicles of the wide class.

Summation Circuits of Automatic Control Systems

Aleksandr Ablesimov — 2024-03-29

During the operation of the stabilization systems, the parameters of the control object and the regulator can change for various reasons within fairly wide limits. In such cases, they speak of the presence of parametric uncertainty. Note that the main indicator of the quality of the stabilization system is considered to be the accuracy of the stabilization of the control object. As theoretical studies show, the accuracy of stabilization systems directly depends on their rigidity and damping, because they directly affect the formation of the moment of stabilization and determine the effectiveness of the system's response to external disturbances. Changing stiffness and damping in order to ensure the necessary efficiency of stabilization systems is the basis of their operational adjustments. To change these parameters, there are summation circuits in the systems. Will the change in the summation circuit type affect the solution to the main task of the operational adjustment of the stabilization system? This article considers the possibilities of summation circuits to ensure the optimality of the settings of the stabilization system.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in the Intelligent Decision Support System

Viktor Chelkovan — 2024-03-29

The article is devoted to the study of the use of artificial intelligence methods in decision-making support systems, particularly in military affairs. Examples of the application of artificial intelligence methods, such as expert systems and machine learning, which can be used to optimize management and strategic decisions in military operations, are considered. Special attention is paid to the use of decision trees in military scenarios as a tool for modeling possible options for the development of events and making optimal decisions. Decision trees allow a decision support system to analyze possible courses of action based on different conditions and circumstances. The results of the study emphasize the importance of using artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency and quality of decision-making in military affairs.

Odometrical Navigation Systems

Aleksandr Ablesimov — 2024-03-29

The technology for determining the location of an object on the ground is the foundation for building vehicle navigation systems and surveillance systems after them. In general, such navigation systems make it possible to determine the coordinates of the vehicle’s location and its directional angle, find the direction to the destination, and calculate the coordinates of observation objects. The technical implementation of systems can be quite diverse – from implementation on mechanical elements to their implementation using microelectronics elements. The main factors in the development of navigation systems are the transition to computer-integrated systems and resource-saving technologies. This will make it possible to increase the accuracy of navigation information, obtain a significant gain in the weight and size characteristics of the equipment, reduce its energy consumption and increase reliability. The possibility of modernization of odometrical navigation systems based on integrated computer technologies is considered.

A Comprehensive Framework for Underwater Object Detection Based on Improved YOLOv8

Victor Sineglazov — 2024-03-29

Underwater object detection poses unique challenges due to issues such as poor visibility, small densely packed objects, and target occlusion. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework for underwater object detection based on improved YOLOv8, addressing these challenges and achieving superior performance. Our framework integrates several key enhancements including Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization for image preprocessing, a lightweight GhostNetV2 backbone, Coordinate Attention mechanism, and Deformable ConvNets v4 for improved feature representation. Through experimentation on the UTDAC2020 dataset, our model achieves 82.67% precision, 81.02 % recall, and 86.3 % mean average precision at IoU = 0.5. Notably, our framework outperforms the YOLOv8s model by a significant margin, while also being 15.1% smaller in terms of computational complexity. These results underscore the efficiency of our proposed framework for underwater object detection tasks, demonstrating its potential for real-world applications in underwater environments.

Solution of the Transportation Problem Employing Intelligent Technologies

Oleksandr Yakushenko — 2023-12-27

The article presents a new method of predicting the time of completion of a transport task. The method is based on the created mathematical model of the transport task process and on artificial intelligence methods. The choice of the optimal transportation route is based on the conditions of a specific task. A new method of choosing the optimal route is presented, taking into account the influence of such factors as weather conditions, day of the week, time of day, condition of the road surface, presence of residential complexes and other factors. The purpose of the study is to optimize the method of building a transport route using neural networks. The work presents the improvement of the general method of optimizing the transport process, the development of a neural network training method for predicting the time of the transport process, the development of a simulation mathematical model of the transport process and the determination of the model parameters and the effectiveness of the method verification. Research methods: methods of mathematical modeling, simulation modeling, Monte Carlo method, methods of artificial intelligence based on neural networks.

Air Traffic Control and Flight Planning for Cargo UAVS in a Single Airspace

Li Haoyang — 2023-12-27

This article piece analyzes in detail the challenges and approaches to incorporating large cargo Unmanned Aerial Vehicles into existing airspace, focusing on air traffic management and flight operations planning. Modifications to air traffic control models required as a result of the inclusion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are discussed, with a focus on managing the various stochastic parameters that affect flight quality. The importance of maintaining safe takeoff and landing intervals is also emphasized. In addition, the article delves into the application of machine learning techniques in air traffic flow management, exploring the complexities of planning scheduled and special flights under conditions of incomplete information and stochastic uncertainty. The article highlights the importance of optimizing the payload-to-range ratio of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, taking into account factors such as wind conditions and battery efficiency to improve cargo transport efficiency. In addition, the article presents a two-stage stochastic programming model for flight planning aimed at minimizing costs and efficiently allocating flights and resources. The impact of drones on "last mile" delivery logistics is also discussed, emphasizing the potential benefits of drones in terms of increased speed, cost reduction, and access to remote areas.

Modeling Complex for Studies of Methodical and Instrumental Errors of the Strapdown Inertial Navigation System

Мykola Filyashkin — 2023-12-27

To study the accuracy characteristics, a strapdown inertial navigation system is represented as a set of kinematic equations and equations of a mathematical model of the Earth. Based on the mathematical model in the Matlab-Simulink package, a modeling complex was created, consisting of subsystems of the reference and studied navigation system, subsystems of the reference and simplified model of the Earth and a subsystem of primary information sensors. In navigation subsystems, kinematic equations of inertial navigation algorithms are solved, and matrices of direction cosines are formed. In the subsystems of the Earth model, the parameters of the Earth's spheroid and the acceleration of gravity are calculated. The sensor models are developed based on the characteristics of low-cost microelectromechanical sensors. The purpose of the study was to assess methodological and instrumental errors as the difference in the dead reckoning signals of the flight navigation parameters of the reference and studied navigation systems. Methodological errors of the system are played up by simplifications of the parameters of the earth's spheroid, and instrumental errors are caused by errors in inertial sensors.

Implementation of 3G, 4G Mobile Connections Technologies in Urban and Rural Regions

Volodymyr Shutko — 2023-12-27

Currently in Ukraine, taking into account the development of the latest mobile Internet standards (3G/4G), it is possible to access the Internet even in remote places. There are no wired Internet due to the high cost of installation and maintenance. At the same time, a huge amount of equipment appeared on the market, which allows you to assemble systems for obtaining high-quality Internet over a wireless communication line. This refers to various types of antennas in the 900–2700MHz range, modems and routers with 3G/4G support. The locations of 3G/4G Internet base stations are in district centers predominantly. So, there is a situation that remote villages, settlements do not have the opportunity to get access to high-speed Internet. This especially harms the work of biological stations and rural medical clinics, which are spread over the territory of Ukraine and are often connected in a network. The purpose of the work is to describe briefly some practical results of our own development of providing high-quality mobile communication in some remote places of the territory of the state. To provide this service in remote areas of Ukraine, signal amplification is necessary. In addition, there is a problem with the propagation of radio waves over the rough terrains for the ultra short wave and microwave ranges. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use an external antenna with a high amplification factor, which will be installed at a height of at least 6 meters above the ground to reduce the impact of interference on the path of radio waves.

Researching Indices of Reliability of Navigation Parameters Meters Checking

Olha Sushchenko — 2023-12-27

The article deals with the studying process of measuring navigation parameters by means of gyroscopic measurements instruments. The topic of research is connected with studying reliability of checking of gyroscopic measuring instruments. The instrumental and methodical components of the check’s reliability are determined. Probabilities of arising both false and indefinite failures are obtained. The relationship, which connects accuracy performances and mass-dimension characteristics, is represented. Graphical dependences, which characterize interconnection between the instrumental component of the check’s reliability with accuracy characteristics of navigation measuring instruments, are given. Graphical dependences, which illustrate change of the methodical component for different types of checks, are shown. The analysis of instrumental and methodical components of the reliability of checking is carried out. The obtained results can be useful for grounded assignment of tolerances on measured navigation parameters.

Intelegence Design of Hybrid Vertical-axis Rotors

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-12-27

The work is devoted to the necessity of creating the vertical-axis rotors of wind power stations in the urban area, which can be placed on roofs and makes it possible to increase their energy productivity by 60-70%. It is shown that the locations of such rotors on roofs has its own characteristics, which consists in the need to take into account the shape of the topography of the house, its storey, the direction and speed of the winds above it, and others. Examples of implementation of wind farms are considered and it is proven that their energy efficiency can be increased due to the use of hybrid vertical-axis rotors, which consist of a combination of Darrieus and Savonius rotors, where the Darrieus rotor is the main source(s) of wind energy conversion into the electric one, while the Savonius rotor(s) provide the acceleration of the Darrieus rotors. For the implementation it has been used the genetic algorithm. An inelegance design system has been developed. An example of the application of this system for the design of a hybrid rotor is given.

Determination of Marketing Parameters for Building a Demand Forecasting Model using Neural Networks

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-12-27

This article is dedicated to the discovery of marketing parameters for the implementation of a forecasting model using additional neural measures using data from real data. The robot looks at the problem in the field of modeling the delivery of goods to the market in marketing using additional methods of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The main features of the main approaches to introducing product models to the market, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. It has been revealed that they will require thoroughness. A new methodology for solving the problem is presented. The model's ability to accurately predict lasting demand based on a variety of marketing parameters has been demonstrated, which helps businesses effectively plan inventory, inventory, and personnel, and can lead to significant cost savings. and increased efficiency.

Structural-parametric Synthesis of Capsule Neural Networks

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-12-27

This work is dedicated to the structural-parametric synthesis of capsule neural networks. A methodology for structural-parametric synthesis of capsule neural networks has been developed, which includes the following algorithms: determining the most influential parameters of the capsule neural network, a hybrid machine learning algorithm. Using the hybrid algorithm, the optimal structure and values of weight coefficients are determined. The hybrid algorithm consists of a genetic algorithm and a gradient algorithm (Adam). 150 topologies of capsule neural networks were evaluated, with an average evaluation time of one generation taking 10 hours. Chromosomes and weights are stored in the generation folder. The chromosome storage format is JSON, using the jsonpickle library for writing. Also, when forming a new generation, chromosome files from previous generations are used as a "cache". If a chromosome of the same structure exists, the accuracy is assigned immediately to avoid unnecessary training of neural networks. As a result of using the hybrid algorithm, the optimal topology and parameters of the capsule neural network for classification tasks have been found.

Twitter Fake News Detection Using Graph Neural Networks

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-12-27

This article is devoted to the intellectual processing of text information for the purpose of detecting rail news. To solve the given task, the use of deep graph neural networks is proposed. Fake news detection based on user preferences is augmented with deeper graph neural network topologies, including Hierarchical Graph Pooling with Structure Learning, to improve the graph convolution operation and capture richer contextual relationships in news graphs. The paper presents the possibilities of extending the framework of fake news detection based on user preferences using deep graph neural networks to improve fake news recognition. Evaluation on the FakeNewsNet dataset (a subset of Gossipcop) using the PyTorch Geometric and PyTorch Lightning frameworks demonstrates that the developed deep graph neural network model achieves 94% accuracy in fake news classification. The results show that deeper graph neural networks with integrated text and graph features offer promising options for reliable and accurate fake news detection, paving the way for improved information quality in social networks and beyond.

Filter for confidential information

Oleksii Bezymiannyi — 2023-12-27

The research is conducted on the topic of preventing various types of attacks on large language models (LLM), as well as preventing the leakage of confidential data when working with local text databases. Research is performed by implementing a filter and testing it on an example that aims to filter requests to the model. The proposed filter does not block the request to the LLM, but removes its parts, which is much faster and makes it impossible for an attacker to pick up a request, as it destroys its structure. The filter uses word embedding to evaluate the request to the LLM, which together with the use of a hash table for forbidden topics, speeds up the operation of the filter. To protect against attacks such as prompt injection and prompt leaking attack, the filter uses the method of randomly closing the sequence. During the testing process, significant improvements were obtained in maintaining the security of data used by LLM. Currently, the use of such filters in product projects and startups is an extremely important step, but there is a lack of ready-made implementations of filters with similar properties. The uniqueness of the filter lies in its independence from LLM and the use of semantic similarity as a fine-tuned way of classifying queries.

Text Message Clustering

Daniil Vedmiediev — 2023-12-27

The division into groups of text messages is considered, which can be useful when building a personalized approach in different systems. Тo solve this problem, the Embedded Word2Vec was proposed. To enhance the division into groups, the suggestion of employing mini-batch k-means is presented, offering a method with lower computational demands. This recommendation aligns with the practical need for efficient and scalable clustering methods, especially when dealing with large datasets. Furthermore, the proposed metric based on the greatest common sequence is highlighted as a valuable tool for evaluating the similarity of texts. This metric not only serves as a means to assess clustering quality but also underscores the methodological approach of directly working with text data. The combination of these techniques presents a comprehensive framework for robust and effective text clustering, with potential applications in diverse fields, such as personalized system interactions and information retrieval.

Comparison of Two Methods for Measuring Speech Intelligibility

Arkadiy Prodeus — 2023-12-27

Comparing of the full speech transmission index method and full formant-modulation method of speech intelligibility measurement has been made. The methods were compared according to the accuracy of the measurements under the conditions of noise interference. The dependences of the STI estimates errors on the signal-to-noise ratio and on the duration of the test signals were obtained by means of computer simulation. It is shown that the accuracy of speech transmission index estimates is practically the same for both methods. In particular, it is shown that the use of test signals with a duration of 4 s is minimally acceptable and provides an estimation error of 0.03. Using 8 s and 16 s test signals reduces the speech transmission index estimation error to 0.02 and 0.01, respectively, for a wide signal-to-noise ratio range from minus 28 dB to plus 28 dB. The obtained results are close to those for the case of the joint action of noise and reverberation.

Aircraft Fuel Measurement System Based on Hydrostatic Pressure Sensor

Oleg Smirnov — 2023-09-27

The construction of an aircraft fuel-measuring system based on hydrostatic pressure sensors is considered, which makes it possible to determine the fuel residue in the aircraft tanks during its evolutions. With the evolution of aircraft, measuring the fuel residue in existing fuel metering systems using float and capacitive fuel level sensors has a rather complex electromechanical design and significant weight and size characteristics. This together affects the reliability of such systems as a whole and leads to significant methodological errors in determining the remaining fuel during maneuverable flight. The proposed system using hydrostatic pressure sensors and a computer can significantly increase the efficiency of existing fuel metering systems, and can also be used for calibration tests both on the ground and in flight.

An Approach to Robust Control of Aircraft Motion

Olha Sushchenko — 2023-09-27

The article deals with approaches to designing aircraft control systems based on the robust synthesis. The mathematical model of the aircraft control system both for deterministic and stochastic cases is considered. The Dryden filter models are represented. The state-space conception is applied. The concept of robust designing based on H-infinity synthesis, function of the mixed sensitivity, and loop shaping is represented. The features of Robust Control Toolbox necessary for automated designing of aircraft control systems are studied. The weighting transfer functions are proposed. Results of simulation of the synthesized robust control system are shown in the form of transient processes in lateral and longitudinal motions. The proposed approach is directed on providing the possibility of the aircraft to function in conditions of influence of disturbances. The possible applications of obtained results is control of aircraft motion in civil aviation.

A Method for Adaptive Wavelet Filtering of Speech Signals Based on Daubechies Filters with Minimization of Errors in Finding Optimal Thresholds

Oleksandr Lavrynenko — 2023-09-27

The paper deals with the problem of adaptive wavelet filtering of speech signals based on Daubechies filters with minimization of errors in finding optimal threshold values. This approach is similar to estimating a speech signal by averaging it using a kernel that is locally adapted to the smoothness of the signal. In this case, a set of coupled mirror filters decomposes the speech signal in a discrete domain according to the orthogonal Daubechies wavelet basis into several frequency bands. Noise removal of speech signals is performed as a complete cutoff of the wavelet transform coefficients based on the assumption that their small amplitude values are noise. Thus, in the Daubechies wavelet basis, where coefficients with large amplitude correspond to abrupt changes in the speech signal, such processing preserves only the intermittent components originating from the input speech signal without adding other components caused by noise. In general, by equating small coefficients to zero, we perform adaptive smoothing that depends on the smoothness of the input speech signal. By keeping the coefficients of large amplitude, we avoid smoothing out sharp drops and preserve local features. Performing this procedure on several scales leads to a gradual reduction of the noise effect on both piecewise smooth and discontinuous parts of the speech signal. In view of this, the main task of the study is to adaptively generate micro-local thresholds, which will reduce the impact of additive noise on the pure form of the speech signal, and preserve significant wavelet coefficients of large amplitude that characterize the local features of the speech signal. Thus, as a result of our work, we have proved the feasibility of developing the presented method of wavelet filtering of speech signals with adaptive thresholds based on Daubechies wavelet analysis, which minimizes the loss of speech intelligibility and allows for noise removal depending on the properties and physical nature of the processed data.

Mathematical Description of Systems for Space Stabilization of Equipment Assigned for Operation on Moving Vehicles

Olexander Saluyk — 2023-09-27

The article deals with the development of mathematical description of systems for stabilization of measurement and observation equipment assigned for operation at moving vehicles of the wide class such as land, marine, and air moving vehicles. Mathematical descriptions of one-axis, two-axis, and three-axis stabilization systems are represented including kinematical relations and dynamics models. The general mathematical descriptions and the appropriate models in the space of states are given. The basic approaches to linearization of the generalized models are represented. The sets of turns in the inertial space for two-axial and three-axial stabilizations systems are represented. The obtained mathematical model for one-axis stabilization system has been used for the robust structural synthesis of the system assigned for stabilization of the observation equipment mounted at the land moving vehicles. The obtained results can be spread on moving vehicles of the different type.

Micro- and Nanocircuits with Configurable Logic

Oleksandr Melnyk — 2023-09-27

The work considers controversial problems with the introduction of specialized and at the same time universal large integrated circuits, which are clarified at the initial stages of automated hierarchical design. Universal micro- and nanocircuits with configurable logic are created in the article to increase the efficiency of automated design systems. The article provides effective methods of programming multiplexer micro- and nanocircuits with configured logic for implementing Boolean and majority logic functions. The obtained results are used to configure the multiplexer functional blocks. With the help of modern automated design systems, comparative modeling of logic micro- and nanocircuits with configured logic was performed, which proved the adequacy of their functioning, the advantages of frequency and disadvantages of temperature characteristics of nanomultiplexer circuits.

Long-term Demand Forecasting: using an Ensemble of Neural Networks to Improve Accuracy

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-09-27

This research paper proposes a method of long-term demand forecasting based on an ensemble of neural networks that considers the novelty of the data. A tool for creating the ensemble was developed that uses a bagging technique as well as a modification that allows for the relevance and novelty of the data to be considered when creating training samples for each model in the ensemble. The study examines and compares the developed method with known approaches to long-term demand forecasting. Experimental results have indicated that the proposed approach allows for obtaining more accurate and reliable demand forecasts compared to existing methods. The results emphasize the importance of data in the demand forecasting process and indicate the potential of the proposed method to eventually improve inventory management strategies and product planning.

Semi-supervised Learning Based on Graph Stochastic Co-Training

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-09-27

This article is devoted to the development of a new approach in semi-supervised machine learning. The goal of this article is to analyze the accuracy of the single-view co-training system, based on the use of a modified graph-based stochastic label propagation algorithm for a multiclass classification problem. Graph transformation of data is preceded by feature decomposition, with three algorithms being compared: Singular Value Decomposition, Truncated Singular Value Decomposition, Iterative Primary Component Analysis, Kernel Primary Component Analysis. To improve the accuracy of the proposed method, additional parameter was included in the label propagation algorithm, allowing for the usage of the algorithm in co-training systems. Further performance increases are achieved via optimization of data modification, which is achieved by applying feature decomposition methods and parallelizing the calculation-heavy processes. As examples of practical use were considered solutions to the problem of multiclass classification for standard datasets of the library sklearn and for the real dataset Traffic Signs Preprocessed. Analyses of the results of the implementation of the proposed approach showed improvements in accuracy and of performance solving the multiclass classification problem.

Stability Parameters of Register File Bit Cell with Low Power Consumption Priority

Oleksandr Grudanov — 2023-09-27

This research is dedicated to a transistor sizing method of an 8-transistor register file static random access memory bit cell aiming to create two-port register files and two-port static random access memory with reduced supply voltage to reduce power consumption. This method can also be applied to 6-transistor single-port static random access memory bit cells. The method is based on the analysis of butterfly curves and the search for such values of the sizes of transistors and margin of their threshold voltages, in which, for a given critical minimal supply voltage, the condition for the existence of one intersection and one touch of its curves is achieved for the butterfly curves. The obtained samples of the register files bit cell in silicon and its critical voltage were compared to the results of circuit simulation in the write and read mode depending on the supply voltage. Experimental register files chip samples were successfully tested in silicon at a voltage of 0.75 V.

Single-electronic Multi-level Adders

Oleksandr Melnyk — 2023-09-27

Since metal-oxide-semiconductor microelectronic structures have reached small-scale and quantum limitations, technological models of single-electron nanocircuits of multi-level adders have been created in the work. It has been proven that one bit of information can be encoded by the presence or absence of one electron on a quantum island cluster.This paper provides a simulation of a 4×4 multiplier circuit on the proposed one-bit full adder. As a result, a comparison with other adders was made, an analysis of energy dissipation depending on temperature and the dissipated power of the existing and proposed multipliers in nW was carried out. As a result, it was found that the proposed adder has better properties compared to similar ones. As a result of the work, the simulation of the 4×4 multiplier circuit was performed, and the simulation results were obtained. Modeling of the circuit was performed in QCAD DESIGNER software.

Automated Simulation Encryption Nanodevices

Oleksandr Melnyk — 2023-09-27

This article implements the method of automated simulation and design of new non-radiating nanoelectronic encryption modules. Currently, cryptographic equipment is practically not protected from electromagnetic attacks and information decryption, as it is created according to outdated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor microtechnology. To increase the error-free operation of encryption devices, the article uses a system of automated design of nanodevices based on quantum cellular automata using majoritarian principles of their operation. Automated simulation proved that the consuption of the nanodevices developed in the work does not exceed 3,8´10^-23 J. Therefore, unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with the nanodevices developed in the article are completely protected from electromagnetic attacks. The results of automated modeling and verification using a computer design system QCADesigne fully confirmed the effectiveness of introducing single-electron nanodevices into encryption devices of unmanned systems. The proposed logic takes advantage of low power consumption quantum-dot cellular automata together with complicated clocking circuits as a paradigm of nanotechnology advances in encryption engineering.

Attitude Determination System with Rotation of Gyroscopes

Lev Ryzhkov — 2023-09-27

A method of auto-compensation for the influence of constant biases in the output signals of gyroscopes in the system for determining the orientation of an object, based on the rotation of the gyroscopes relative to the object, is considered. The analysis of the obtained models of errors in determining the orientation and the simulation performed show the high efficiency of this method for improving the accuracy of readings. The proposed error model makes it quite easy to evaluate the efficiency of auto-compensation. It is shown that the problem may be reduced to integrating the direction cosine matrix that determine the position of the sensitive elements in the reference coordinate system.

Detecting Handwritten Line for TikZ Code Generating

Nataliia Shapoval — 2023-06-23

This work is devoted to the recognition of straight lines in geometric drawings created by hand with the help of neural networks. The LaTeX language is usually used for the design of articles, which takes more time, especially when writing formulas or constructing geometric drawings, unlike writing by hand. Automating the construction of drawings will make it possible to speed up the process of writing articles. The paper considers the recognition of straight lines as the most popular element of geometric drawings. The Hough transform for straight lines detection and its disadvantages are considered. The use of convolutional neural networks for this task is proposed as the best tool for working with images. To train the model, a dataset was created with handwritten lines and lines constructed in a graphics editor. The results of the neural network are given.

Arithmetic-Logic Single-Electron Nanocircuits

Oleksandr Melnyk — 2023-06-23

Computer–added design of single-electron nanoelectronic circuits on quantum majority components has been implemented. Proposed methods of building logic-arithmetic computing devices of the combinational type, which implement an almost complete system of logical functions in both the majority and Boolean bases. Quantum cellular automata is a technology that emerged two decades ago, in which the values of logical states correspond to the positions of individual electrons. Quantum cells are used to construct logic nanoelements and arithmetic nanodevices. The work is dedicated to the computer design of modern logic and arithmetic devices, which include universal majority elements. In the work, quantum nano-devices are modeled using QCADesiner automated design system.

H2/Hinf Optimization of System for Stabilization of Moving Vehicles Equipment Using Two Types of Penalty Functions

Olha Sushchenko — 2023-06-23

The article deals with features of H2/Hinf optimization of the stabilization system using two types of penalty function directed on provision of both the system’s stability and operating characteristics given to the system. Researched systems are assigned for stabilization of equipment operated on moving vehicles. The novelty of the research is introducing a new type of penalty function. The expressions for basic operating requirements are represented. The choice of the optimization algorithms is grounded including the Nelder–Mead method and genetic algorithm. The features of the genetic algorithm are described. The comparative analysis of optimization by both methods has been done. The optimization results in the form of transient processes are represented. The obtained results can be useful for systems assigned for stabilization of equipment operated on moving vehicles of the wide class.

Recommender Systems Based on Reinforced Learning

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-06-23

This article is devoted to the problem of building recommender systems based on the use of artificial intelligence methods. The paper analyzes the algorithms of recommender systems. Analyzes the Markov decision-making process in the context of recommender systems. Approaches to the adaptation of reinforcement learning algorithms to the task of recommendations (transition from the task of supervised learning to the task of reinforcement learning) are considered. Reinforcement learning algorithms Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient and Twin Delayed DDPG were implemented with their own environment simulating the user's reaction, and the results were compared. The structure of a recommender system has been developed, in which the recommender agent generates a list of offers for an individual user, using his previous history of ratings. In the system itself, the user has the ability to interact only with the space of recommended films. This can be compared to the main YouTube page, which is a feed with suggestions, but we have a user interacting only with this feed and his reaction to objects in the recommendation space falls into recommender agent, which regulates the parameters of the model in the learning process.

Quantum Convolution Neural Network

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-06-23

In this work, quantum convolutional neural networks are considered in the task of recognizing handwritten digits. A proprietary quantum scheme for the convolutional layer of a quantum convolutional neural network is proposed. A proprietary quantum scheme for the pooling layer of a quantum convolutional neural network is proposed. The results of learning quantum convolutional neural networks are analyzed. The built models were compared and the best one was selected based on the accuracy, recall, precision and f1-score metrics. A comparative analysis was made with the classic convolutional neural network based on accuracy, recall, precision and f1-score metrics. The object of the study is the task of recognizing numbers. The subject of research is convolutional neural network, quantum convolutional neural network. The result of this work can be applied in the further research of quantum computing in the tasks of artificial intelligence.

Development of an Efficient Ukranian Keyboard Layout using a Genetic Algorithm

Olena Chumachenko — 2023-06-23

The aim of this work is to create a more efficient Ukrainian keyboard layout, as the current most popular layout "ЙЦУКЕН" is more adapted to the Russian language than Ukrainian and is therefore not efficient. A mathematical model of a genetic algorithm was developed in this study to achieve this goal. The primary measure of layout efficiency is the total distance traveled by the fingers during typing. Additionally, the study describes the most common typing methods and variables that determine the keyboard's dimensions. This allows for the adaptation of the algorithm to create a keyboard that meets the needs of each individual user. To assess the efficiency of the newly developed Ukrainian keyboard layout, created using a genetic algorithm, experiments and comparisons with existing layouts are conducted. The results of the experiments demonstrate the advantages of the developed keyboard layout for the Ukrainian language.

Modification of Semi-supervised Algorithm Based on Gaussian Random Fields and Harmonic Functions

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-06-23

In this paper we propose an improvement for a semi-supervised learning algorithm based on Gaussian random fields and harmonic functions. Semi-supervised learning based on Gaussian random fields and harmonic functions is a graph-based semi-supervised learning method that uses data point similarity to connect unlabeled data points with labeled data points, thus achieving label propagation. The proposed improvement concerns the way of determining similarity between two points by using a hybrid RBF-kNN kernel. This improvement makes the algorithm more resilient to noise and makes label propagation more locality-aware. The proposed improvement was tested on five synthetic datasets. Results indicate that there is no improvement for datasets with big margin between classes, however in datasets with low margin proposed approach with hybrid kernel outperforms existing algorithms with a simple kernel.

Comparative Analysis of Text Vectorization Methods

Victor Sineglazov — 2023-06-23

The paper considers methods of vectorization of textual properties of natural language in the context of the task of intellectual text analysis. The most common methods of statistical analysis of feature extraction and methods that taking into account the context are analyzed. The work describes the above types of text embeddings and their most common variations and implementations. Their comparative analysis was performed, which showed the relationship between the type of task of intellectual text analysis and the method showing the best metrics. The topology of the neural network, which is the basis for solving the problem and obtaining metrics, is described, and implemented. The comparative analysis was carried out using the relative time analysis of the theory of algorithms and classification metrics: accuracy, f1-score, precision, recall. The classification metrics are taken from the results of building a neural network model using the described framing methods. As a result, in the task of analyzing the tonality of the text, the statistical method of framing based on n-grams of character sequences turned out to be the best.

Integration of Fractal Dimension in Vision Transformer for Skin Cancer Classification

Vladyslav Nikitin — 2023-06-23

In order to classify skin lesions, many efforts have been made to create various automated diagnostic systems. For that purpose many efforts have been put in creating various automated diagnostics systems Nowadays, with the rapid advancements in deep learning, Vision Transformers have emerged as powerful models for image processing and analysis purposes. This type of model has already proved useful for cancer detection and classification tasks in particular. However, the complexity and variability of skin lesions present significant challenges in accurately classifying them. Integrating the concept of fractal dimension into Vision Transformers can potentially improve their performance by capturing the intricate structural patterns of skin lesions. This paper aims to explore the integration of fractal dimension metrics into a Vision Transformer for skin cancer classification. The problem at hand is to investigate the integration of fractal dimension metrics into the existing Vision Transformer architecture for the accurate classification of skin lesions as cancerous or non-cancerous. Fractal dimensions provide a measure of the complexity and irregularity of an object, which can be informative in characterizing skin cancer lesions. We aim to research possability and ways of incorporating fractal dimension metrics into the Vision Transformer model for results improvements.

Finding the Optimal Number of Computing Containers in IoT Systems: Application of Mathematical Modeling Methods

Ihor Zakutynskyi — 2023-06-23

The integration of computing containers into Internet of Things (IoT) systems created a lot of challenges and opportunities in the connected devices and cloud computing industries. In this paper, the author proposed a mathematical modeling method to analyze and optimize the deployment of computing containers into an IoT-based ecosystem. By implementing mathematical modeling techniques, such as queuing theory, optimization algorithms, and statistical analysis, we aim to address key concerns related to resource allocation, workload distribution, and performance optimization. Proposed models take the dynamic nature of an IoT system, considering factors such as real-time data streams and varying workloads for the satisfaction of scalability requirements. The author aids in identifying the optimal placement strategies for computing containers, ensuring efficient resource utilization and workload balancing across the IoT network.

A Holistic Approach to Ensuring Safety and Cybersecurity in the Use of Intelligent Technologies in Air Transport

Dmitriy Shevchuk — 2023-03-26

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the problems associated with the use of intelligent technologies in air transport security and cybersecurity issues. Possible dangers that may arise when using autonomous systems, including autonomous aircraft, are considered. The technical measures that can be taken to prevent these dangers, including the development of new methods of cybersecurity and protection against hacker attacks, are analyzed. The problem of ensuring security in air transport associated with the introduction of new technologies and automated systems is investigated. The risks associated with this process are described, such as possible aircraft accidents, data storage problems, and passenger safety issues. Technical measures that can be taken to ensure safety in air transport, including the development of new technologies and diagnostic methods that can detect possible problems before they become serious, are considered. Practical solutions to these problems are proposed, including the development of new security and cybersecurity systems that can be used in air transport. The technical measures that can be taken to ensure the safety and efficiency of the use of intelligent technologies in air transport are described. It is established that the developed simulation model can serve as an effective tool for managing the processes of aircraft ground handling at the airport, as well as allow predicting the results of such processes and developing algorithms for the rational allocation of resources, considering the functioning of the system in different modes. To ensure the efficient functioning of the aircraft ground handling system, it is proposed to implement technical measures to improve cybersecurity and ensure the system's resilience to possible cyberattacks.

Hinged Set of Guidance of a Controlled Fire-extinguishing Bomb

Мykola Filyashkin — 2023-03-26

The guidance system of a fire-extinguishing bomb in the form of a hinged guidance kit is considered, which turns the bomb into a simple and fairly cheap fire-extinguishing device of the "throw and forget" type, optimized for mass production and use. In order to increase the accuracy of dropping a fire-extinguishing bomb, it is proposed to install a cheap high-precision and compact GPS navigation satellite system and a strapdown inertial system on an ordinary fire-extinguishing bomb. The algorithm of complex information processing of their systems, built on the basis of the improved method of the mutual compensation, in which for improve the quality of the error estimation procedure, the sluggishness of second-order Butterworth filters is compensated is proposed. The guidance system controls the trajectory of the fire-extinguishing bomb as a means of "first strike" and this increases the efficiency of further use of traditional flood systems by 50...70 times.

Complex Operation of Types of Transport in the Conditions of Military International Transportation

Dmitriy Shevchuk — 2023-03-26

The article identifies the priority approaches to the technical and technological modernization of the main modes of transport of Ukraine and allied countries to ensure high-quality transportation of various goods, especially military goods, in the conditions of hostilities and during the period of economic recovery. The author proposes an algorithm for the formation of logistics chains for the delivery of military cargoes according to two schemes (from the United States and Western Europe). The necessity of creating a unified transport system, addressing the issue of further proportional development of the unified transport system and each of its components (modes of transport, structural units) is described. The main aspects that will affect the prospects for the development of a unified transport system are identified. The main tasks of the transport system that need to be solved to meet the needs of the state economy and the population in transportation are described. It is determined that when establishing the priority and order of restoration of the economic and social sectors destroyed by the war, it is necessary, first of all, to direct all resources (financial and material) to the restoration and development of transport, primarily rail and air transport. This is the only approach to solving the complex problem of improving the quality of transport. The complexity of its solution lies in ensuring, taking into account the actual volumes of transportation, the proportional development of each element of the transport modes.

Physical and Mathematical Models of Two Types of Biosensors

Iryna Morozova — 2023-03-26

In previous investigations the idea of development of two types of neuro-like biosensors - detectors of chemical substances in environment were grounded. In present article we have developed this idea deeply and substantiated the differences between two types of biosensors: biosensors and detectors with elements - artificially elaborated selective membranes. In this paper we described briefly both types of detectors as well. Further some their similar characteristics as well as mathematical description of physical phenomena at the surfaces of detectors was suggested. Such detectors were able to register hazardous chemical substances in the Nature. They included sensor elements covered with chemo-sensitive specific coatings – layers of organic and/or inorganic compounds. The purpose of present article was to demonstrate mathematical description of physical phenomena at the surface of biosensor that were similar to both types of detectors.

Analysis of Exchange Power in the Power System of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a BlDC Engine

Dmytro Mykolaiets — 2023-03-26

The purpose of this work is the analysis of the power supply system of unmanned aerial vehicle. One of the most important tasks of this system is to ensure the smallest possible losses in order to achieve greater endurance of the aircraft, which means – the ability to complete the mission. The presence of an inactive component of consumed power obviously reduces the efficiency of the entire unmanned aerial vehicle. Considering also that due to the influence of wind, speed changes and other factors, the power system spends a significant amount of time in the transition mode, the impact of this phenomenon becomes even more significant. Thus, the phenomenon of the occurrence of exchange power in the power supply system of an unmanned aerial vehicle is analyzed. One of the most common solutions for unmanned aerial vehicles is the use of a BLDC motor, which is a further development of DC motors and was created with the aim of improving their basic characteristics. This type of engine has gained its popularity due to numerous advantages: high reliability, efficiency, speed and others. The principles of control of the BLDС engine are given. The unmanned aerial vehicle power supply system, built on the basis of a buck converter and a bridge inverter, was analyzed. An equivalent circuit of the converter is built, taking into account the losses in the electric circuit. On its basis the relations for determining the value of exchange power in the power supply system are derived. With the help of these expressions, it is possible to determine the value of the exchange energy at an arbitrary time interval in the real power supply system of the aircraft. A model of the power supply system of an unmanned aerial vehicle with a BLDC engine was built in the Matlab Simulink software environment. A time diagram is obtained, on the basis of which it is possible to draw a conclusion about the content of exchange power in the converter circuit. To minimize this phenomenon, it is necessary to develop a compensation system or an intelligent control system.

Fusion of Remotely Sensed Images using Wavelet Transforms and Decorrelated Multispectral Channels

Oleksandr Hordiienko — 2023-03-26

The article is devoted to the development of mathematical models based on combining images obtained by remote sensing means with different spatial and radiometric resolutions. An analysis of modern means of remote sensing, which form images that are fixed under the same positional conditions of projection, in different spectral ranges of radiation, was carried out. Images formed in a wide spectral range and have a higher linear resolution than images formed in narrower ranges, but the latter contain spectral information. An applied model of combining images captured in different spectral ranges using the pyramidal wavelet transform has been developed. The optimal model of decorrelation of spectral channels of multispectral images based on signal entropy was determined.