Theory and practice of design

VISUAL CONTENT IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND MODERN DESIGN PROJECTS OF THE ХХІ ST CENTURY: INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS

Anastasiіa Varyvonchyk — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of the article is to investigate the role and significance of visual content in the field of digital technologies and modern design projects of the 21st century. The article aims to explore innovative approaches and new trends in the use of visual content on various digital platforms and in various design spheres. In the 21st century, the fusion of digital technologies and design projects has become one of the key areas of research, fundamentally changing our perception and interaction with the surrounding environment. The research delves into innovative technologies, development trends, and the transformative impact of digital interventions in modern space. It also examines the relationship between digital technologies and contemporary design, which is constantly evolving. Results. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of digital technologies in the field of modern design projects. Through a detailed study of practical cases, implementation examples, and empirical data, the research highlights various applications of digital technologies in different design domains. The findings of the study help understand how technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and data-driven design have altered the creative process and user experience in the modern space. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the analysis of cutting-edge technologies and their integration into design practices. By synthesizing information from various sources, new trends have been identified that have the potential to redefine the boundaries of design practices. The research also contributes to academic discourse by proposing new approaches to understanding the interaction between digital technologies and contemporary design, providing insights into how these innovations foster creativity and functionality. The conclusions drawn from this research emphasize the transformative impact of digital technologies on modern design projects. The study has shown that the integration of innovative technologies not only enhances the aesthetic component of design but also significantly improves its functionality and user engagement. Furthermore, the research results underscore the importance of adapting to design practices, encouraging professionals to leverage technological progress to stay at the forefront of the field and remain in trend.

EUROPEAN PORTRAIT MINIATURE IN THE SPACE OF MUSEUM COMMUNICATION

Viktor Karpov — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The study is devoted to the influence of portrait miniatures on the development of museum communication, in particular its role in the formation of museum collections and exhibition activities. The article focuses on the growing interest in miniatures as a means of preserving cultural heritage and their importance in the dialogue between the past and the present through museum exhibitions. The article analyses the challenges and prospects of using miniatures in museum practice, with a special focus on conservation and presentation technologies. The paper presents the historical context of the emergence and development of portrait miniatures in Europe, with an emphasis on the technical and artistic features that distinguish this genre from other forms of portrait art. Purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of portrait miniature in the historical, cultural and museum context of Europe, as well as to identify strategies for its effective integration into contemporary museum communication. The paper highlights the historical value and uniqueness of portrait miniatures, and, at the same time, the challenges associated with their preservation, presentation, and accessibility to modern audiences. Methodology. The study used historical and comparative historical methods to trace the emergence of the phenomenon of miniature portraiture and the development of its production technologies. The systematic and cultural method was used to trace the role of miniature portraits as an important phenomenon in social relations during the 16th and 19th centuries. Methods of generalisation, synthesis and analysis were used to draw conclusions and decisions regarding the presentation of miniature portraits. Results. The European portrait miniature is not only an exceptional artistic phenomenon, but also an important element in the system of museum communication, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical context. The styles and techniques used by artists of different eras, from the Renaissance to Neoclassicism, are analysed, emphasising the importance of the miniature as a means of personal and cultural expression. Modern methods of digitalisation and virtual implementation of museum collections have been established, allowing a wide audience to explore miniatures in detail, going beyond the physical space of museums. Scientific novelty. The paper presents the means of digital digitalisation and virtual visualisation of miniature portraits in museum exhibitions, which open new horizons for access to works of art, preserving them for future generations, and providing new forms of interactivity and educational interaction with the public. Recommendations for optimal storage and conservation conditions, as well as restoration methods that allow restoring the original appearance of miniatures without damaging their historical value, are proposed, considering the challenges associated with the physical preservation of miniatures, such as exposure to light, humidity and temperature fluctuations. The role of miniatures in museum communication and the use of materials about miniature portraits in educational programmes are emphasised. The article shows how museums can effectively implement digital technologies to create deeper and more meaningful museum experiences that promote cultural exchange and understanding. The inclusion of interactive elements, such as virtual tours, augmented reality, and interactive educational games, can increase visitor engagement and make learning about art history more fun. Practical significance. The article presents opportunities for global cultural exchange through international museum partnerships and online platforms, using the potential of digital tools to expand access to cultural resources. This includes a discussion of projects that allow virtual «travel» between museums around the world and access to their miniature collections, which promotes intercultural dialogue and cooperation.

SUSTAINABLE FASHION IN THE CREATIVITY OF UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN CLOTHING BRANDS

Anhelina Koriakina, Kalyna Pashkevych, Olena Gerasymenko, Chen Chen — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of the work is to research the direction of sustainable fashion, identify its principles, influence on the fashion industry of Ukraine and the world. Methodology: literature review, analytical research, interpretation and systematization of the obtained results were used; while working with visual materials, the visual-analytical method, methods of formal, functional, and semiotic analysis were used. Results: the impact of conscious fashion on the fashion industry was determined, the aspects that make up sustainable fashion were determined, the directions of work of Ukrainian and foreign designers were analyzed, and a comparative characteristic of the specifics of the brands’ work was compiled. The main principles followed by brands in their creativity and the prospects of sustainable fashion are defined. On the basis of the conducted research, a collection of models in eco-style from recycled denim with the use of Ukrainian painting was developed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the determination of the principles of sustainable fashion on the example of brands that adhere to them and popularize sustainable fashion in their creativity. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used for the modern practice of design and production of clothes and accessories, in the production of clothing collections using the principles of sustainable fashion, during the study of disciplines related to modern trends in design, ecological trends in the design of products.

FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DECOR OF LVIV TOWNHOUSES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Roman Kupranets, Myron Demkiv — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Valuable historical buildings of Ukrainian cities in general and Lviv in particular, which do not have the status of architectural monuments, have long been out of the focus of architects and conservators. Physical deterioration of materials and structures, neglect of the roof, damage to the parapets, gutters, and sewer outlets, etc. led to significant destruction and loss of building elements. Architectural and decorative elements and details also have been significantly damaged and lost, and restoration or repair work was not always intended to complement what was lost or to recreate elements or details that corresponded to the style of early twentieth-century buildings. The purpose of this publication is to study the state of preservation of architectural and decorative elements made of artificial stone on the facades of Lviv townhouses, their preservation and structural stability, and to develop scientifically based approaches to restoring their authentic condition. Today, it is necessary that restorers take into account modern technologies and materials during the restoration of valuable building architecture, as well as to use approaches that correspond to the architectural and construction practices of the time of the building’s construction.

FURNITURE DESIGN FOR AIRPORT WAITING AREAS AS THE BASIS OF THE PASSENGER EXPERIENCE

Hanna Novik — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The modern trend in arranging the interiors of airport terminals is a passenger- centric approach, when the key requirement is the formation of a positive experience for travelers. In the context of this trend, the most important areas of the terminal for the designer are the departure waiting rooms after passing control – it is here that it is possible to create for passengers a feeling of «place», stop the intrusive traffic, an anti-stress environment in which the desired experience will be formed. Seating furniture plays a key role in creating the passenger experience in the waiting area. Purpose is to reveal the possibilities of furniture design for seating areas of airport waiting areas as a basis for creating a passenger experience. Methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of a comparative analysis of the interiors of international airport terminals, products of leading companies, manufacturers of furniture for the public environment, experience of designers and users. Results. Along with today’s classic rectilinear configuration of seats on a beam, the following options are available: the formation of cells with a different number of seats with the optional addition of table tops, which allow you to connect the seats in a harmonious composition; modular benches, both rectilinear and curvilinear in plan, assembled into various geometric compositions; the use of upholstered furniture, including from the catalogs of well-known manufacturers of furniture for living space. The general trend is to soften the forms and directions of the location, which brings the artificial environment of the terminal closer to natural forms. The quintessence of this trend is the biophilic direction – modules made of bent plywood lamellas assembled on a curved beam. For any design of furniture for waiting, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of ergonomics: the furniture must provide the correct support for the body and the possibility of changing the posture, include integrated functions. The design of the seats themselves and the logic of their spatial arrangement influence the organization of the space in the waiting room and form various scenarios of social communication for a comfortable stay of passengers with maximum use of space. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the directions of furniture design for seating in waiting areas as factors in the formation of the passenger experience are considered in detail. Practical relevance. The specified conditions for the creation of functional and aesthetically attractive furniture for seating in waiting areas are summarized in recommendations for designers on the development of their design.

INTOLERANCE IN MEDIA HEADLINES CONCERNING PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Olga Polumysna, Valery Bulatov — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article highlights the issue of inclusive design requirements and manifestations of intolerance in media headlines regarding people with disabilities. Tolerance is a special issue, delicate with a very thin edge, especially when it comes to the coverage of the topic of disability in the media headlines. Often in the headlines of printed publications or in the titles of television programs, you can find intolerant idioms or frank emphasis on the signs of a person’s disability. Goal. TThe purpose of this article is to draw attention to violations by journalists when covering people with disabilities in the mass media, as well as to show the illegality of the actions of those publishers who allow such wording in their publications. Methodology. It is logically applicable to systematize the concept of this study, to generalize experience, to use a comparative analysis of the definition of intolerance of headlines in relation to persons with disabilities. The results. The paper analyzes violations in media texts when covering people with disabilities. Scientific novelty. The consists in determining aspects of the negative representation of people with disabilities in the mass media. Practical significance. The analysis of the negative coverage of people with disabilities in the mass media, as well as the presented facts of the illegal actions of those publishers who allow similar wording in their publications, will help in the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Oleksandra Ryzhova, Olha Lagutenko — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The English Catholic revival and the awakening of interest in medieval Gothic art gave rise to the development of textile and embroidery art in the nineteenth century in Great Britain. The gradual commercialization of needlework and the Industrial Revolution, in turn, encouraged a departure from the artist’s craftsmanship. Thanks to the availability of “Berlin work” and embroidery patterns, embroidery entered every home and provided women with opportunities for self-expression, moral education, interior and clothing decoration. This contributed to the feminization of needlework in a patriarchal society. At the same time, women were able to use needlework as a means of self-expression, which was manifested in the early feminist movements. Goal. To analyze the transformational phenomena in the art of Great Britain, which led to the formation of the art of artistic embroidery as such, which played an important role in the process of overcoming cultural, social, political and gender imbalance. Methodology. Various methods and principles of scientific research were used, including: the principle of historicism, objectivity; historical, comparative, narrative methods, analysis. Results. The first stage of women’s socialization and self-expression was the creation of economic opportunities through the use of traditional needlework skills. Needlework societies and women’s schools helped a large number of women who were forced to work. Women realized that they can be self-sufficient, can take care of themselves and support other women. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian art history, the article highlights the mutual influence of the work of woman artists who worked in the field of textiles and embroidery and their civic position, emancipation, and achievements in the struggle for rights in society. Practical significance. The materials of the work can be used to develop lectures on the history of arts and crafts, women’s art, for elective classes, and in practical work. The results obtained can also be used in further scientific development of the topic under study and related topics.

FRAMING MINIATURE PORTRAITS IN THE 17TH CENTURY AS JEWELLERY

Yuliia Romanenkova — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article explores the influence of polycode and syncretism on art, particularly on portrait miniatures. The history of this form of painting, its emergence, flourishing, and decline, as well as creation techniques and usage methods, are analysed. Miniatures were not just portraits, but valuable decorations or precious gifts. The framing of portrait miniatures as works of jewellery art is investigated, the materials and techniques used by masters for portrait frames are identified, and their stylistics, symbolism, and functional purpose are characterized. It is found that portrait miniatures are one of the types of syncretic art that combines various artistic techniques and creation methods. The framing of artistic miniatures should be studied as a separate artistic unit in the context of the jewellery genre of art. The appearance of the miniature demonstrates the style of the era and personal preferences of its owner. Portrait miniatures are considered one of the constant attributes of the power of European monarchies of their time. Purpose of the article is to analyse the ways of framing portrait miniatures of the 17th century that have survived in their original form to this day or are depicted in other works of art, in particular, paintings. Methodology is based on the historical method, which traced the beginning of the history of the whole trend in jewellery related to miniature portraits. The application of the systematic method revealed that for more than four centuries, from the 16th to the 19th centuries, these items were a popular attribute not only of royalty, but also of court nobles and people of high status in the society of the time. The synthesis method was used to establish that jewellery has always been an integral part of the image of the monarch and the ruling elite in European countries. Results. The established principle and process of creating portrait miniatures demonstrates the syncretism of different genres of art. It has been found that artistic miniatures are difficult to attribute to a particular art form in its pure form, because their production involved not only artistic skill. From the time of their origin and throughout their popularity, portrait miniatures were used as a marker of belonging to a particular social class, they served as a body ornament or costume element. They were often made as a gift, which had a certain symbolic meaning and, often, a political context. In fact, the portrait miniature fully combined two artistic genres: portrait and jewellery. It was found that the technique of creating portraits remained unchanged for centuries: they were most often made on enamel, less often on parchment or paper with oil paints. The technique of framing artistic miniatures demonstrates the use of various styles, techniques, and materials. Scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the framing of miniature portraits as valuable objects for research in the context of jewellery. In addition, most of the miniatures have not survived to this day in their original form, and the few specimens that have not been disassembled for the purpose of selling precious elements are of great value to the history of human culture. Practical relevance of the work lies in the use of the research for lectures and practical classes, accompanying materials to works of miniature in the collections of Ukrainian museums and further systematic study of portrait framing in the 17th century.

NEURAL NETWORKS AS A TOOL OF A PHOTO ARTIST: CURRENT STATE AND THE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

Anna Safronova, Olena Safronova, Valeriy Safronov — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of the research is a comprehensive theoretical study and systematization of the directions of the using neural network and technologies of artificial intelligence in the art of photography, and definition of prospects of futher development and implementation of this tool in the profession of a photo artist Methodology. Testing and comprehensive comparative analysis of the capabilities of modern computer programs that use neurotechnology. A systematic analysis and generalization of scientific sources related to the research topic The results. The possibilities of artificial intelligence as s a means to create a photographic image of a commercial, mass and artistic nature have been studied. The existing variety of programs that use artificial intelligence are conditionally divided into those that provide technical assistance in photo processing, and those that are aimed at creating unique images generated with using a textual query, an original image, or their combination. An assessment of the capabilities of the most popular programs of each type are provided. Based on their careful analysis, the prospects for the development of photography genres are determined, and the issue of copyright for visual works created in collaboration between a photo artist and an artificial intelligence program are considered. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of the concept of the typology of programs that use the means of artificial intelligence in visual art, the determination of ways of development of the genres of artistic photography and photography in general, partially or completely created with the help of the artificial intelligence Practical significance of the work is determined by the possibilities of using the results of the research in the formation of a holistic picture of the capabilities of the software tools and programms based on the artificial intelligence technologies in the profession of a photo artist

CULTURAL CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF UKRAINIAN PYSANKA IN ETHNO-DESIGN

Ilona Syvash — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the modern trend of using Easter eggs in the design of modern interior, taking into account their cultural potential. Purpose. To determine the possibilities of using Ukrainian Easter eggs in ethno- design to realize the potential of authentic Ukrainian folk art in modern interior design. Methodology. The research methodology is based on historical, analytical and systematic methods. The historical method is used to identify the peculiarities of the ethnosymbolism of Easter eggs from different regions of Ukraine. The comparative method is used to compare the similarities and differences between pysankas and traditional patterns. The semiotic method is used to identify and systematize the symbols that are most often depicted on Easter eggs. Results. The research results have shown that Ukrainian pysanka in the culture of modernity in the interior acts simultaneously as a material object, symbol and image, which at the same time has amuletic properties for its owner. The scientific novelty. It consists in an in-depth study of the cultural potential of Ukrainian Easter eggs as a carrier of the symbolic code of national art in ethnic design and the possibilities of its use in modern interior design. Practical relevance. Pysanka, being a decorative element of the interior, is also perceived by people as a talisman with a certain sacred meaning. The use of Easter egg compositions in modern interior design can support the traditions of making Ukrainian Easter eggs at all levels. Possessing a powerful potential for creating culture, pysanka as a part of folk art allows preserving Ukrainian traditions, shapes the mentality of Ukrainians in general and encourages everyone to self-knowledge.

ANALYSIS OF THE COLOR SCHEME OF RESIDENTIAL PREMISES

Olena Sidorova, Sofiia Skiba — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article discusses the importance of colors for the population of several different countries of the world, the priorities in choosing the color scheme of residential interiors in these countries, common and distinctive features of the color scheme of interiors. The purpose of the study is to examine, compare and analyse the colour scheme of residential interiors in Japan, Germany, Finland and Ukraine. Methodology. The main methods of the study are the following: empirical, theoretical and empirical-theoretical. The empirical method includes observation, comparison, and generalisation. Theoretical methods include: ascent from the abstract to the concrete, abstraction, concretisation, identification and separation. Much of the work was carried out using empirical and theoretical methods, in particular, comparative analysis, induction, and deduction. Induction is the movement of knowledge from facts to a certain hypothesis. Deduction is the movement of knowledge from the general to the particular and the derivation of consequences from premises. Results. Of course, this study is not intended to cover all the peculiarities and subtleties of colour preferences of different peoples and cultures, but it does provide an understanding of some of the differences and commonalities in the colour scheme of residential interiors in several countries that were selected by the authors for comparison and analysis. This analysis is only the beginning, which allows us to see only the tip of the iceberg and requires further research. On the one hand, we have considered aspects of the colour scheme of interiors that emphasise the differences in cultures, climate, and materials favoured by designers and architects of the countries selected for analysis. On the other hand, the identified features are common to a number of interiors from different countries, which are a manifestation of common global trends in interior design that cross national borders. We have studied the colours used by designers to fill the living environment in Japan, Finland, Germany, and Ukraine. Scientific novelty. It has been found that the colour scheme of residential interiors in countries around the world depends on the history, cultural traditions, geographical location, natural and climatic features of different regions and reflects the national character and worldview of the people. Designers try to achieve harmony with the local nature and prefer natural colours as primary colours, while the accent colours are traditional colours for each country, which carry a certain positive symbolic meaning. Practical relevance. The peculiarities of the colour scheme of residential interiors in different countries, revealed by the study, can help practicing designers in designing more colourful interiors and conscious use of traditional symbolic colours characteristic of certain regions.

MIST CATECHISIS AS THE DOMINANT OF OLEG DENYSENKA’S CREATIVITY

Svitlana Streltsova — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the creative activity of the Lviv artist Oleh Denysenko, his experiments in various art forms. Some of the works from the artist’s oeuvre on religious and historical subjects, made in the patented modern technique, which includes painting, graphics and sculpture (gessography), are highlighted. The basic techniques of the technological process of performing creative works in the latest technique are revealed. The author’s skill in combining graphics with levkas, traditionally inherent in iconography, is determined, and the main methods of working with color are indicated. The artistic and stylistic features of the images full of sacred meaning are analyzed. Purpose. The possibility of interpreting sacred themes and transmitting the basic principles of faith through an artwork is revealed. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the axiological, hermeneutical and comparative methods of studying the author’s creative activity; the semiotic method of analyzing works is used to identify the sign system of the artist’s plots. Results. The sign elements introduced into the work are systematized, their semiotic content is revealed. The figurative series and the sign system in the artist’s work, which is enhanced by the technical methods of image making, are considered. The author emphasizes the conscious interpretation of the plot enriched with symbolic «religious responses». Scientific novelty. The study establishes the identity of the plots and images of the artist’s works with the fundamental categories of iconography of images that are the basis of the beliefs of different faiths and cultures. It is noted that in the artist’s creative activity, the semantic load of the works is enhanced by the plasticity and texture of the surface of the base, which create a visual volume and enhance the perception of the content of the plot layer. Practical relevance. This study will allow to establish the affinity of the author’s works with religious plots on the main themes of the Christian faith.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL EXHIBITION DESIGN BASED ON VISITOR EXPERIENCE

Qiying He, Danylo Yuriiovych Kosenko — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. This paper provides a comprehensive review of interactive digital exhibition design, focusing on audience experience. It aims to map the evolution of these exhibitions, assess the impact of design elements, and explore future implications. Methodology. The review employs a chronological approach, analyzing academic articles and conference proceedings. It integrates interdisciplinary aspects like design, technology, and psychology, identifying research gaps and future directions. Results. Key observations include the evolution from technology-centric to user-centric design, and the growing integration of psychology into design. It underscores the importance of a unified theoretical framework and diverse visitor needs in future research. Scientific novelty lies in its comprehensive, chronological approach and the integration of various disciplines, providing a new perspective on the evolution and future of interactive digital exhibition design. Practical significance. This review serves as a resource for researchers, designers, and museum professionals, guiding the design of interactive digital exhibitions to enhance audience engagement and experience.

SEARCH FOR HARMONY IN THE GARDENS OF THE WORLD

Anastasiia Bovsunovska, Victor Shpagin — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Based on the analysis of the implementation of the laws of harmony and the means of harmonisation in historical gardens, the article reveals the temporal changes in the views of artists on the role of plants in ensuring a sense of harmony in the garden. For this purpose, the article analyses the development of landscape gardening art from ancient times to the XX century. It is shown that the artists of Eastern civilisation learned to use plants locally in ancient times with a basic consideration of the law of balance/equilibrium to form axes in garden spaces. The issue of harmony in the gardens of Ancient Egypt is considered. It is shown that plants in them played a utilitarian role in providing the owner of the plot with fruit. It is demonstrated that in the ancient times of the ancient Greeks and Romans, the role of ornamental plants in the harmonisation of gardens was reduced mainly to emphasising the symmetry of paths, squares, etc. The means of harmonising Renaissance gardens are analysed. It is shown that the main inventions of this era were symmetrical parterres with perfect geometric patterns and an understanding of the need to coordinate the scales of spaces. The first successful attempts to incorporate flowers into garden design, usually against the background of buildings and retaining walls, are associated with this period. The issue of using the laws of harmony and means of harmonisation in the classical gardens of the seventeenth century is revealed. It is shown that in these gardens, artists already skilfully used the law of balance and the law of unity and subordination with a special emphasis on symmetry and the constant use of topiary. The aspects of harmonisation of English gardens are analysed and it is shown that in them artists also consciously worked with the laws and means of harmonisation, but with an emphasis on asymmetry, and for this purpose they made the most of the natural forms of trees and bushes. It is shown that the solution of the centuries-old problem of using flowers in the garden can be associated with the gardens of modernists. Goal. Through the analysis of the basic principles of harmonisation of gardens of different eras and peoples, comparison and identification of their common and distinctive features, as well as consideration of the basic laws and means of harmonising compositions in gardens, to establish historical changes in the role of plants in creating a holistic and harmonious garden. Methodology. Theoretical methods of research, analysis of scientific publications, literary and Internet sources; analysis of world-famous monuments of landscape gardening art were used. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of the implementation of the laws of harmony and means of harmonisation in historical gardens, the sequence of historical changes in the views on the role of plants in ensuring a sense of garden harmony is established. Practical significance. Coverage and research of this topic opens up great opportunities for personal development and practical use of knowledge in the field of landscape architecture.

GREENING OF ROOFS. FEATURES AND PERSPECTIVES. THE BEST EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

Kateryna Karpenko, Victoriia Belava, Olga Olkhovych — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

This article provides an overview of the perspective of the features of roof landscaping, both in Ukraine and in the world. An analysis of the meaning of greening of roofs, their history, types and scheme of greening, as well as examples of these roofs in the world and in Ukraine, was carried out. The history of green spaces on roofs was analyzed and it was found that the past and the present are closely connected. In our time, it allows us to review what techniques and technologies our ancestors used to improve their own. The study of foreign experience shows how practical and relevant it can be in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of creating horizontal gardens on the roofs of buildings with a detailed analysis of the installation scheme. The research methodology was created on the basis of literary sources and archival materials. The results of the analysis of the article make it clear that the creation of green roofs has a significant role in creating comfortable conditions for the population of the planet Earth, as they complement and diversify the biotic component of the environment, contribute to air purification and improve the temperature regime of buildings and the surrounding area, are a factor of environmental friendliness and energy efficiency housing Scientific novelty: it was found that greening of roofs comes down to clarifying the key role of “green roof” in the popularization of this direction among the population and their practical application in the world. The practical significance of the article focuses on the overview of important aspects in the creation of green roofs, which gives reason to consider it as a new modern environment among high-rise buildings. Approaching nature will contribute to effective coexistence and mutual understanding of people, animals and plants.

MODERN TRENDS AND MAIN TENDENCIES OF LANDSCAPING THE CITY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Karina Konusheva, Oksana Kosyk — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article describes the modern trends and main tendencies of landscaping the transport infrastructure objects (streets, sidewalks, tracks, transport stops and parking lots, buses, bridges, overpasses, buildings above roads) in an urbanized environment. The role of this landscaping for the artistic, aesthetic and ecological development of a modern smart city is highlighted. The goal is to investigate the current trends in the greening of transport infrastructure in an urbanized environment and to determine their role for the further ecological and aesthetic development of settlements. Methodology. A systematic approach and analysis of existing practices regarding greening of transport infrastructure facilities were applied; innovative approaches, modern trends, implemented nature-oriented landscaping projects of city transport network facilities. As a result of the conducted research, the main trends and prospective tendencies of greening of the transport structure were described and analyzed, such as greening of streets, tracks, sidewalks, vertical gardens, horizontal linear parks, bridges, tunnels, flyovers integrated into the green landscape, green public transport stops, greening of eco-parks and parking lots , and mobile green gardens on bus roofs. Scientific novelty. The main trends of greening of important transport facilities are defined and characterized, their role in the active development of ecologically stable smart cities is emphasized. Practical significance. The materials of the article provide practical recommendations for nature-oriented greening of transport infrastructure facilities in settlements.

VARIETY OF GARDEN STYLES AND THEIR FEATURES

Anna Naumova, Liliia Gnatiuk — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The creation of gardens has long been recognized as a distinct art form. In their quest for self-expression, people have sought to recreate their own ideas and customs intertwined with nature. Across generations, various cultures have passed down their own traditions of garden creation, which hold significant cultural and historical value. Diverse styles from the past continue to inspire many contemporary gardeners to replicate similar environments. By studying them, we delve into the depths of our souls to fully grasp the patterns and meanings that have been embedded by our ancestors throughout the history of landscape art, extending to our present day. Goal. To explore the main styles and directions of the formation of gardens, to determine the main features and features. Analyze further development trends. Methodology. The research includes analysis of literary sources and photographs, Ukrainian and foreign experience in garden planning. The results. Different styles of gardens and their meaning are analyzed. The history of their creation is studied, the main features are characterized Scientific novelty. Determination of the perspective of the development of new styles and trends in landscape design. Characterization of the role of green space around the house and ecological significance. Study of the relevance of self-expression through natural elements in our time. Practical significance. Understanding the trends and fundamentals of garden creation is important for analysis and further research. Based on the available data, more modern methods and approaches are being developed in the creation of design, which should be not only aesthetic, but also functional.

CEREAL GRASSES OF THE GENERA MISCANTHUS AND PENNISETUM IN THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF URBAN SPACES

Nataliya Taran, Vita Horupaha, Oksana Kosyk, Lyudmila Batsmanova — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. The goal of this article is to analyze the features and prospects of using ornamental grasses of the genera Miscanthus and Pennisetum in the landscape design of urban spaces. Methodology. Methods of searching for information in printed and electronic publications, searchable scientific databases, as well as methods of data analysis, comparison and generalization, field surveys were used. Results. It is shown that ornamental grasses are gaining more and more popularity in landscape architecture, as their biological features contribute to their wide use in landscaping. The popularity of decorative cereals is especially relevant in our region, as the assortment of crops needs further replenishment with highly decorative and resistant to the conditions of transformed urban landscapes. Until now, cereals were not considered decorative in Ukraine. Global climate crises and changing microclimatic conditions of urban spaces also significantly affect the state and diversity of ornamental grasses in urban greening technologies, which actualizes the problem of researching the role of grasses in the development of the modern concept of sustainable landscape design or “green” design. The characteristic of the style flow of the “New Wave” garden is given, the peculiarity of which is that gardens are created using only grasses and perennial grasses, where people do not copy nature, but bring a sense of nature into the garden, the main idea of any garden is its emotional component. The use of ornamental grasses in urban landscaping has become widespread only in recent years. The advantages of cereals for wide use in the landscaping of urban spaces are shown. The peculiarities of the influence of urban development on the formation of the microclimate of biotopes are considered. To create a sustainable and livable urban space, it is necessary to balance the development of the city, taking into account all aspects of the influence of active construction. Scientific novelty. The types of grasses Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum alopecuroides studied by us are mainly decorative in terms of the shape and color of the leaves, and can be used to expand the range of species and varietal diversity for landscaping landscape objects. They have the ability to harmonize well with representatives of other types of plants, thanks to which they can be planted in mixed flower beds and mix borders. They can be recommended for wide use in the landscape design of objects of various purposes in city conditions. Practical relevance. The use of Miscanthus sinensis and Pennisetum alopecuroides for the modernization of the space of the transformed territory near the National Research Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University is shown. An analysis of the decorativeness of cereal plants in the newly created microspace was carried out and it was established that its seasonal dynamics are most clearly manifested in the summer, autumn and winter periods of the year. Individual components of decorativeness, in particular, the webbing of the leaf part and the shoots of inflorescences dominate under increased wind load on the microlandscape.

SYNTHESIS OF THE ARTS: THE ROLE OF DESIGN IN SHAPING THE ARCHITECTURAL URBAN ENVIRONMENT

N. Bzhezovska — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The questions of forming of architectural environment are examined so that by means of design and use of national features architectural artistic offenses play a substantial role social, spiritual life of society, forming a world view and national identity. The purpose of the work is to identify modern innovative design technologies and the use of national features of architectural artistic images and forms in the formation of the urban environment. The methodological basis of the study is based on the use of general scientific methods of research: analysis, comparison, generalization of various ideas and proposals of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of the formation of the architectural urban environment. Scientific novelty. As result of the study, promising technologies and approaches to design in the formation of the urban architectural environment using elements of national cultures were revealed. Practical significance. For subjects of design activities, three levels of complexity of creating a domestic design forms; highly qualified design creation at the world level regarding the repetition of fashionable forms invented by designers from Western countries; high-art design creation with the involvement of the deep values of the national culture of Ukraine in the synthesis of their design and architecture, the latest achievements of world design thought. Conclusions. The creation of a modern image of the urban environment requires the introduction of new ideas and the use of the full potential of architecture and design in the formation of a cultural space with elements of national characteristics of the urban environment.

ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING CIVIL DEFENSE FACILITIES

Maxim But, Vadim Ignatkov, Oktyabrina Chemakina, Dmitry Sotnikov — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The aim of the study is to analyze the regulatory framework in the field of civil protection and its impact on the effectiveness of countering terrorist acts in urban environments, protecting the civilian population, and the economic component of the national economy in the context of military actions with the russian federation. The research methodology is based on the principles of unity of theory and practice, systematic research, development, objectivity, and abstraction. Within the scope of the research, an analysis of contemporary domestic and foreign regulatory documentation in the field of civil protection was conducted, which allowed for identifying trends and shortcomings of existing methodological approaches. The results of surveys of destroyed real estate objects due to terrorist acts and during military operations indicate a wide range of damage caused by mines, artillery shelling, air strikes, explosions, and fires. Objects located close to the front suffer destruction due to artillery shelling and shooting, while those far from the front more often become victims of terrorist acts, missile strikes, and bombings. The research outcomes involve identifying specific provisions of construction norms that require improvement and determining ways to develop progressive volumetric-planning and constructive solutions for construction objects from the perspective of resistance to the impact of explosive waves, fragments, and fire. The regulatory framework and practical experience of surveys demonstrate the need for improving construction norms, especially concerning countering terrorist acts in urban environments through architectural-constructive means, fire protection, and the resilience of building structures under the influence of explosions and fires. Particular attention was paid to the difference in methods of designing steel structures and their behavior under the impact of dynamic loads. The research also critically analyzes approaches to accounting for explosive waves and proposes possible ways to improve the calculation methodology. Such a comprehensive approach allows understanding the dynamics of destruction of building structures and developing more effective civil protection strategies in the conditions of military conflicts. The scientific novelty lies in identifying gaps in the current regulatory framework and proposed ways to resolve them by systematizing and analyzing the results of surveys of destroyed real estate objects in conditions of military actions. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of improving national standards in the field of civil protection and increasing the resilience of building structures to the impact of combat actions.

PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING HERITAGE IN THE MODERN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Volodymyr Gaidar, Zoriana Lukomska — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the problem of identification and identification of objects of the architectural and urban planning heritage of Ukraine in the modern environment. At present, a significant part of valuable historical architectural objects and town-planning complexes, which are a valuable and unique property of the entire nation, are unknown to society, not researched, their state of preservation is critical or they are only partially preserved. Most often, in the environment of historical settlements, there is no easily accessible and reliable information about objects of architectural and urban planning heritage, marking of protection zones and historical areas. The possibility of spatio-temporal environmental identification of partially preserved objects independently, without outside help, is practically impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out measures for the preservation and protection of valuable historical architectural and town-planning complexes, as well as their familiarization with the help of a set of measures. The concept of «marking» of objects of architectural and urban heritage is currently poorly researched in Ukraine, the term «marking» has not yet received a proper definition and justification in the monument protection legislation, therefore there is a need for a special study of it and the development of methods for selecting means and methods of comprehensive identification of monuments of architecture and urban planning. In the study, we propose to introduce two-level «Identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage» in the space of Ukrainian historical cities: Historical-temporal identification, Visual-spatial and urban planning identification. We have proposed the holding security identification, informational and environmental identification based on preliminary identification on the basis of historical descriptive, cartographic, iconographic, etc. of research Goal. The purpose of the article is to determine the actual issue of identification and recognition of the lost and partially lost architectural and urban heritage in the environment of Ukrainian settlements. Methodology. The research uses general scientific methods inherent in historical- architectural research of valuable historical architecture, historical cities: analysis of literary and archival sources, in-kind research and recording, analysis of historical cartographic and iconographic materials. A comparative-historical approach, the principle of objectivity and systematicity, as well as an interdisciplinary approach due to the complex nature of the work are also used. The results. We proposed to introduce a two-level «Identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage» in the space of Ukrainian historical cities, which includes historical-temporal identification, visual-spatial and urban planning identification. Scientific novelty. The problem of presenting the value of partially lost monuments of architecture and urban planning in Ukrainian cities, villages and other spaces is revealed. For the first time, the concept of «marking», the means and methods of identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage are considered, a two-stage approach to the identification of objects of architectural and urban planning heritage with reference to their individual types of value, environmental and other characteristics are proposed. The use of non-invasive and virtual identification is proposed to reveal the value and present partially lost monuments of architecture and urban planning in the space of settlements.

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRISIS AS A CATALYST FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TYPOLOGY OF SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL COMPLEXES IN UKRAINE

Anastasiia Krygina, Dmytro Antoniuk — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Crisis circumstances are not uncommon today. As a result, it is popular in modern architecture to adhere to the principles of sustainable development using adaptive and multifunctional approaches in the formation of the types of individual buildings and structures. Therefore, the formation of adaptive sports and recreational complexes that can function effectively in changing circumstances is becoming key. It is important to determine what modern architecture should be resistant to. Accordingly, the study of the consequences of modern crises is an important process in the formation of new vectors for the development of a competitive sustainable typology. For society, in our opinion, sports and recreational activities and, as a result, sports and recreational complexes in times of crisis are a tool that mitigates the effects of the crisis, including stress. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of the pandemic crisis in the development of the typology of sports and recreation complexes. The main objectives of the study are to analyze the restrictions imposed by the authorities during the peak of the crisis, which could affect the availability of SRC infrastructure; to study changes in physical activity of the population and compare them with the dynamics of trends in the field of physical culture and sports. Methodology. The literature search was conducted within the geographical boundaries of Ukraine and the EU countries, which are leaders in European statistics on the indicators of physically active population, the USA and China. Results. It has been found that the pandemic crisis has accelerated the development of IBS typology, highlighting the weaknesses of existing types and intensifying the search for new strategies for adaptation and the formation of new types. Scientific novelty. The relationship between government restrictions that could affect the functioning of traditional IBS infrastructure and social, technological and environmental changes during the COVID-19 pandemic is analyzed. Practical relevance. The results can be used for further research and serve as a tool for developing adaptation strategies for existing or new CRS.

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS OF RESTORATION OF MUSEUM AND EXHIBITION OBJECTS (URBAN ASPECT)

Volodymyr Kryzhanovskyi — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

This scientific article is devoted to possible urbanistic problems arising in the process of restoring museum exhibits in contemporary urban environments. The research focuses on the importance of preserving and restoring cultural heritage objects in cities, highlighting the main associated problems and providing recommendations for overcoming them. Objective. The aim of the article is to identify possible problems and conflict situations related to the restoration of museum exhibits, considering the urbanistic aspect. Methodology. The research methodology involves analyzing urbanistic problems and conflict situations arising in the process of restoring museum exhibits, through their impact on the urban situation, cultural context, and interaction of stakeholders, as well as using empirical data to formulate practical recommendations for overcoming these problems and achieving a balance between preserving cultural heritage and modern urban development. Results. Recommendations for the restoration of museum exhibits in addressing urbanistic problems and conflict situations are proposed. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the systematic analysis of problems and conflict situations in the restoration of museum exhibits considering the urbanistic aspect.

СREATION OF A PLANNING-SPATIAL MODEL OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL LEISURE CENTRE BY METHODS OF SPATIAL SYNTAX

Olena Oliynyk, Mariia Tokar — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Goal. Identification of the features of the modern organisation of leisure spaces, the relationship between processes and planning structures of public spaces. Based on the conclusions, build a planning and spatial model of a multifunctional centre Methodology. The article considers the use of the following methods: configuration analysis (by Oliynyk O.P., Dyomin M.M.) to identify the peculiarities of the modern organisation of leisure spaces, the relationship between processes and planning structures of public spaces; analysis of comparative areas and rational use of transit and stationary space. These methods will help to identify the features of the modern organisation of leisure spaces and collect source data for model creation. The results. Based on the research findings, a theoretical model of a multifunctional family leisure centre is proposed. The model takes into consideration the modern needs of visitors and provides for accessibility to public facilities for different ages 2 types of integrated functional load cores have been identified, which have a clear connection and complement each other. Fixed and transit spaces are defined on the basis of the planning structure of a public facility and the movement of visitors. It is recommended that the structure components be further researched and developed. Scientific novelty. The goal is to identify the features of modern leisure centres with core functions and additional functions that also combine service and passive recreation. Based on the spatial analysis and syntactic analysis, we obtained 2 types of models: a model of space and a model of social interaction (activity), and when we layered the results, we obtained a combinatorial configuration of the space of a family leisure centre. Practical relevance. A deep understanding of the loads and functions makes it possible to better integrate the new model of family leisure into the existing urban environment, thus improving infrastructure, territory development, environmental sustainability, barrier-free accessibility.

FEATURES OF LOCATING BUS STATIONS AND BUS TERMINALS IN LARGE AND LARGEST CITIES

Oleksandr Stepanchuk, Oleksandr Lapenko, Oksana Chernyshova — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

An analysis of the current state of existing bus stations and bus terminals in the cities of Ukraine has been conducted, revealing problems and drawbacks regarding their placement within the city area. Justification of existing trends regarding the use of urban street space and available parking lots for passenger disembarkation and boarding from suburban and intercity buses is provided. The aim of the study is to analyze the situation that has arisen in recent years in most cities of Ukraine regarding the organization of intercity and suburban transport connections. The article presents generalized results of the current state of the street-road network of cities and its impact on the conditions of operation of external passenger automobile transport. Methodology. Research methods: analysis of literary sources, materials related to the placement of bus stations and bus terminals in large and largest cities. Results. The main approaches to locating bus stations and bus terminals in large and largest cities are proposed, based on the principles of providing convenience, comfort, and safety for passengers. The main factors influencing the determination of the appropriateness of the chosen location for the bus station or bus terminal on the territory of a settlement were considered, including: transport accessibility, condition and traffic conditions of the street-road network, capacity of the street-road network of the city, possibility of convenient transfer to urban rapid transport, capacity of urban rapid transport, existing passenger flow in the respective direction of movement, complexity of the network of routes of urban passenger transport, correspondence of the area size to the maximum volume of passenger flow at the bus station, land value and cost, compliance with its urban planning requirements and limitations. Practical significance. The practical value of this study lies in identifying and highlighting problems associated with the inefficient operation of bus stations and bus terminals in cities, namely, their inappropriate placement on the territory of a specific settlement, which corresponds to the requirements of sustainable development and the formation of a comfortable urban environment.

CONCRETES ON POROUS AGGREGATE IN BUILDING

Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. The purpose of the work is proving of possibility of using expanded clay concrete on carbonate sand in monolithic bearing and enclosing structures and in reinforced concrete elements and structures. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of literary sources and experience in the use of local materials and industrial waste for light concrete in building structures. Results. Until recently, experimental and theoretical studies conducted in our country and abroad indicated the possibility of using light concretes mainly for external enclosing structures. At present, the possibility of effective use is also proved for structural elements. Light concretes have the following advantages over heavy ones: less own weight of structures, the possibility of using industrial waste as raw materials for aggregates, as well as solving the problem of crushed stone deficiency through the use of local materials. The largest volume of porous aggregates production in our country are artificial aggregates obtained by roasting. Even the same aggregates have significant differences in structure, composition and properties, their maximum consideration and improvement of design solutions can contribute to additional savings in material resources. Scientific novelty. The possibility of using light concrete on porous aggregates for the manufacture of concrete and reinforced concrete structures with a strength of 5... 30 MPa is proved. Practical significance. Rational use of light concretes allows solving ecological, resource-saving and economic problems of modern construction due to utilization of technological and technogenic waste in the manufacture of large and smallpore aggregates. Intensive introduction of light concrete into construction practice is one of the sources of technical progress.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПРИЙНЯТТЯ ПРОСТОРУ ТА МІСЦЯ У КОНТЕКСТІ БАР’ЄРНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ

Ihor Tvoronovych — Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

A barrier situation is a basic phenomenon in the science of inclusion and universal design. For a better understanding of the complex architectural, design and social factors that influence the formation of a particular barrier situation in the context, it is necessary to identify a certain position of the architectural environment where the action of the subject of perception takes place and the position of the subject itself, which is determined and constructed by its cogito, unique phenomenological experience and local socio-cultural context. In this context, the contact between the subject and the subject environment is conceived as a certain connection, which forms a barrier situation. The optics of the study are aimed at clarifying the difference between the effects of place and space in a barrier situation and the role of these concepts in the process of collective and inclusive interaction. This text analyzes examples of situations of both spaces and places. The role of body activation in the experience of the architectural environment and its impact on the creation of collective interaction and inclusion in a barrier situation is described. The relationship between space and place is revealed, which are presented rather as flowing concepts and effects arising from the presence and perception of the architectural environment by the subject and his intentional consciousness. The factors from both the environment and the subject that influence the creation of both the effect of space and the effect of place are also analyzed and named. This text analyzes and summarizes the legacy of R. Sennett, as outlined in the book «Flesh and Stone», which introduces the conceptual apparatus of space/place, derived from the historical analysis of the cultural field of Europe, on the basis of which the dialectical relationship of these concepts is described and studied, and the author attempts to extrapolate Sennett’s theory into the field of universal design and inclusion. Purpose: to identify the relationship and role of the concepts of space and place in the structure of experiencing a barrier situation, to determine how space and place are related to the formation of the phenomenon of inclusion and collective interaction. To create a better conceptual framework for understanding the phenomena of architectural reality. Methodology: to analyze the intersubjective phenomena of perception of the architectural environment, this study proposes the use of phenomenological methodology, namely the method of historical analysis, phenomenological reduction, hermeneutic and descriptive methods, as well as the use of elements and schemes of the logic of situationism. Results: the concepts of space and place in the context of a barrier situation are defined, the nature of the relationship is identified and described, and the main characteristics of the effects of space and place are highlighted. A general conceptual scheme (syntax) of the dialectical relationship between the concepts of space and place in the structure of a barrier situation and its impact on the formation of inclusive interaction is revealed. Scientific novelty: It is concluded that the study of a barrier situation, and hence bodily tension and activation of several sensory systems of the body at the same time (present in the situation of place), plays a significant role in identifying and understanding the position of the «other», and hence the possibility of understanding the inclusive interaction itself. Practical relevance: This work will be useful for a better understanding of the essence and identification of the inner meaning and impact of architectural spaces through the use of situational logic. It can be used at the stages of pre-design analysis, as well as as a theoretical basis for changing the paradigm of perception of architectural reality, by extrapolating the logic of situationalism and the phenomenological method to the plane of design and architecture.