Theory and practice of design

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF UKRAINE

Igor Balabanov — 2025-11-20

Traditional methods of restoration of architectural monuments often include physical interventions that may not accurately recreate the original structure of the object, which can lead to the loss of historical integrity. There are many reasons for such distortions, the main ones are traditionally considered to be the following: incorrect analysis of the object, errors in the design part of the reconstruction, errors in the choice of restoration technologies. Purpose. To identify a range of scientific and practical areas focused on the use of artificial intelligence tools to preserve the architectural heritage of Ukraine. Methodology. Based on the developments of the scientific architectural school of the Kharkiv National University of Urban Economics named after O.M. Beketov, artificial intelligence tools in the restoration and preservation of architectural monuments are divided into three main blocks - analysis, modeling and design. For each block, an analysis of the principles of using AI tools was conducted. Results. Over the past decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a significant tool in the field of restoration of architectural heritage. Dozens of specialized software products that actively use AI make it possible to simplify and accelerate the analysis of architectural objects, increase the accuracy of their restoration, minimize the risks of the human factor and critical errors. AI transforms traditional restoration methods, offering new opportunities for the analysis, documentation and restoration of historical objects. One of the most transformative innovations in this field has been 3D reconstruction of ancient monuments, which can not only digitally restore complex details of heritage objects, but also provide valuable information about their historical significance. Scientific novelty. In the national scientific tradition, the problems arising in such areas of AI use as data collection, the complexity of the objects under study and the ethical aspects of preserving cultural heritage have not been sufficiently studied. The authors of the study identified and summarized possible prospects for using artificial intelligence in the preservation of architectural heritage. Practical relevance. This research aims to identify and capture the revolutionary potential of AI in heritage conservation, ensuring that cultural and architectural monuments are not only preserved, but can also be restored with previously unattainable accuracy.

EXPANDED CLAY CONCRETE AS A MATERIAL FOR MODERN AND RESTORATION CONSTRUCTION

Lyubov Baranovych — 2025-11-20

The article examines the features of using lightweight concrete and expanded clay concrete in construction, reconstruction, and restoration of buildings. The relevance of the research is determined by the rising cost of energy resources and the need to reduce energy consumption not only at the stage of material production but also during the operation of buildings. The historical experience of using lightweight concretes – from the Roman Empire to modern architectural objects – is analyzed. A classification of lightweight concretes by structure and function is presented, along with their physical and mechanical characteristics. Particular attention is paid to expanded clay and expanded clay concrete as environmentally friendly materials with high thermal insulation, sound insulation, and structural properties. Examples of their application in modern construction are considered, including individual residential houses, public buildings, historical monuments, and infrastructure facilities. It is shown that the use of expanded clay concrete contributes to reducing structural weight, shortening construction time, lowering energy consumption, and increasing the durability of buildings. Regulatory requirements for the thermal resistance of enclosing structures are summarized in accordance with Ukrainian DBN and European standards. The study highlights the prospects of applying lightweight concretes in the context of energy-efficient and sustainable construction. Purpose: to substantiate the feasibility of using lightweight concretes, in particular expanded clay concrete, in modern construction, reconstruction, and restoration of buildings; to analyze their physical, mechanical, and thermal insulation characteristics; and to determine their impact on energy efficiency, durability, and sustainability of buildings. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of regulatory documents (DBN, DSTU), a review of scientific publications, and practical case studies of using expanded clay concrete in construction and reconstruction. A comparative method is applied to evaluate its characteristics relative to traditional materials, as well as generalization of application results in modern and historical buildings. Results. The analysis of scientific sources, regulatory framework, and practical examples demonstrated that expanded clay concrete has significant potential in modern construction, reconstruction, and restoration of buildings. The study confirmed that expanded clay concrete meets the requirements of current Ukrainian DSTU and DBN standards and can become one of the key materials in implementing energy-efficient and sustainable construction principles. Scientific novelty. The article systematizes the advantages of expanded clay concrete as an energy-efficient and eco-friendly material, summarizes regulatory requirements (DSTU, DBN) for its properties, and outlines prospects for its application in construction, reconstruction, and restoration, with emphasis on reducing structural weight and preserving historical authenticity. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be applied in the design and implementation of construction and restoration projects for selecting optimal structural solutions with expanded clay concrete, ensuring reduced foundation loads, improved thermal and acoustic insulation, as well as saving material and energy resources.

INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE OF OPEN URBAN SPACES IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN EQUALITY

Vitalii Vasylyshyn — 2025-11-20

The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need to create open urban spaces that comply with the principles of urban equality and ensure barrier-free access for all population groups. In the context of global urbanization and ongoing social transformations, particular importance is attached to rethinking architectural approaches to the organization of public green areas, which are capable of integrating inclusive solutions and fostering social integration. The purpose of the article is to identify the key factors and principles of inclusive architecture of open urban spaces, to develop approaches to overcoming barriers, and to design a conceptual model for transforming green areas based on the principles of urban equality. The research methodology relies on a systemic and interdisciplinary approach, incorporating methods of structural-functional analysis as well as comparative typology of national and international practices. Results. The study established that the formation of inclusive architecture of open urban spaces requires consideration of the socio-demographic characteristics of the population, the spatial and functional parameters of the environment, ecological requirements, and legal standards. The analysis of scholarly sources made it possible to identify the main barriers to accessibility and social isolation, and to develop an algorithm for transforming green areas, which encompasses the stages of user needs assessment, evaluation of the existing environment, identification of barriers, development of solutions, piloting, implementation, and monitoring. Scientific novelty. The article systematizes the principles of inclusive architecture in the context of urban equality and proposes an algorithm for the transformation of urban green areas. Its novelty lies in combining theoretical and methodological approaches with practical urban planning tools, thereby enabling a comprehensive analysis of accessibility and social integration. Barriers and social factors influencing inclusivity are presented in a systematic manner, which provides a solid academic basis for further quantitative assessment of urban inclusiveness. Practical relevance. The proposed algorithm for the transformation of green areas can be applied in strategic urban planning, municipal governance, and the design of open spaces. It serves as a practical guideline for architects and urban planners in creating accessible and barrier-free public environments. The developed approaches contribute to harmonizing spatial development, improving the quality of urban life, and integrating diverse social groups into a shared space-an aspect of particular importance in the processes of post-war recovery and modernization of Ukrainian cities.

CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN ARCHITECTURE

Nataliia Vergunova — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The article seeks to address inconsistent AI terminology in architecture by proposing a concise multi axis classification aligned with the title and the stated problem. Four axes are defined and applied to tools across design, construction, and operations: functional and teleological purpose, information and algorithmic technique, process and lifecycle stage, and regulatory, ethical, resource and ecological factors. Methodology. A range of scientific methods was used to achieve the aim. A systematic literature review identified primary studies and practical cases under explicit inclusion criteria. Thematic coding organised the collected materials into clear themes and recurrent attributes, enabling analysis and description of AI tools in architecture by purpose, data and model type, lifecycle stage, and safety and ethics requirements, followed by integration into a unified matrix. Comparative analysis of practical examples, aligned with the four classification axes, revealed typical profiles for each tool and identified their strengths and weaknesses. Results. Four key axes of AI in architecture are identified: system purpose and functionality (e.g., generative design, optimization, analysis, automation); data and algorithm types (rule-based or knowledge-driven vs. machine learning, including supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement, and generative paradigms); integration stage in the AEC lifecycle (from conceptual design and planning through construction, operation, and decommissioning); compliance with safety, ethical, regulatory, and sustainability requirements (addressing bias mitigation, explainability, standards, energy efficiency). Identified data and illustrative tools (generative design software, construction robots, building monitoring systems) are mapped to the taxonomy. Scientific novelty. The study introduces an integrative classification approach that simultaneously accounts for the technical and teleological taxonomy of AI tools, their lifecycle deployment stage, and conformance to ethical, regulatory, and ecological criteria. Practical relevance. The results can help architects and AI developers to structure knowledge of existing solutions, implement principles of sustainable AI use in architectural practice.

ІNTEGRATION OF MODERN SACRED SPACE INTO HOSPITAL COMPLEXES: ARCHITECTURAL, PLANNING AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS

Liliia Gnatiuk — 2025-11-20

The article is devoted to the study of architectural and planning principles of integrating sacred spaces into complex functional complexes, in particular, large churches (such as chapels) and hospital institutions (as independent churches or chapels). Attention is focused on the functional-semantic conditioning of architectural solutions reflecting the spiritual needs of the congregation and the specific conditions of operation. Domestic and foreign examples demonstrating the evolution and typological variability of these architectural forms are analyzed. The purpose of the research to investigate the features of the formation of chapels and churches at hospitals as specific sacred spaces that perform the functions of spiritual support for patients, medical staff, and visitors in the context of modern medical architecture. Methodology. A comprehensive approach was used, including the analysis of architectural and functional features of chapels in various hospitals, the study of historical and modern trends in creating hospital sacred spaces, as well as a comparative analysis of European and Ukrainian examples. Methods of visual analysis, historical-architectural comparison, and socio-cultural interpretation were applied. Results. Key architectural features of chapels and churches in hospitals have been established that contribute to the creation of a zone of spiritual peace, support, and rehabilitation. Their spatial and symbolic significance in the context of the hospital environment, interaction with urban space, and influence on the psychological state of visitors are considered. Scientific novelty. For the first time, chapels and churches in hospitals are comprehensively considered as a special type of sacred space associated with a medical institution. New architectural and functional patterns have been identified that meet the needs of a modern medical facility and contribute to the integration of the culture of spirituality into the medical space. Practical relevance. The research results can be used in the design and reconstruction of hospital chapels and churches to enhance their functionality and emotional comfort for patients and staff, as well as in strategies for creating inclusive sacred environments in medical institutions.

ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIVENESS OF FACADES OF TERRACED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Andrii Honcharyk — 2025-11-20

This study explores the formation of architectural expression in the facades of townhouses within the context of contemporary urban development. It analyzes compositional approaches, textural and color techniques, as well as the use of modern materials and façade technologies. The research highlights the role of the façade as a carrier of architectural identity and its impact on residents’ psychological comfort and interaction with the surrounding environment. Key challenges are outlined, including the standardization of housing development, the loss of individual character in residential buildings, and the need to combine aesthetics with functionality and energy efficiency. The purpose of the study is to identify effective architectural strategies for creating expressive façade imagery in townhouses, considering current requirements for aesthetics, technological advancement, energy efficiency, and environmental individualization. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of domestic and international scientific sources, examples of contemporary design practices, and completed projects. Comparative and typological methods are applied to evaluate façade architectural solutions in terms of their expressiveness, functionality, and adaptability to modern challenges. Results. The study reveals that architectural expressiveness of facades is achieved through a combination of well-considered compositional principles, individualized color and material solutions, modularity, and adaptive façade systems. It is determined that effective design of townhouse facades requires a balance between aesthetics, technology, contextual sensitivity, and the needs of residents. Scientific novelty. The study refines approaches to forming the architectural identity of facades in the townhouse housing segment. It proposes a comprehensive method that incorporates modern design, material-technological, and compositional solutions to enhance architectural expression in accordance with sustainable development principles. Practical relevance. The findings can be applied in the development of design solutions in the field of low-rise residential construction, particularly in adapting standard projects to meet requirements of architectural identity, aesthetic appeal, and harmonious integration into the environment.

PARAMETRIC DESIGN AND BIM FOR ADAPTIVE RAPID DEPLOYMENT SHELTERS CONSIDERING MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZATION

Uliana Mykhailivna Hrechka — 2025-11-20

The relevance of this study is determined by the growing need for rapid infrastructure recovery, the deployment of mobile shelters, and the development of resilient housing solutions under emergency conditions. In the post-war reconstruction phase of Ukraine, the implementation of digital technologies in the construction sector has gained particular importance, as it enhances adaptability, energy efficiency, and resource optimization. Contemporary challenges demand a transition from static architectural design to parametrically controlled and analytically justified models capable of ensuring integrated lifecycle management of shelters. The aim of this article is to develop a scientifically grounded concept for the use of parametric design and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies to create adaptive rapid deployment shelters that consider the multi-criteria optimization of structural, energy, and functional parameters. The research methodology is based on a systems approach that integrates methods of parametric modeling, multi-criteria optimization, BIM, and building lifecycle management. The study employs the principles of the Common Data Environment (CDE) and analytical comparison of design alternatives based on energy efficiency, mobility, cost, and environmental sustainability. The synthesis is based on the analysis of international and Ukrainian pilot projects, including RE:Ukraine Housing. The results show that integrating parametric design with BIM technologies provides an effective synergy between geometric modeling, techno-economic analysis, and operational analytics. It has been demonstrated that such integration allows the development of digital shelter models capable of automatically adapting to climatic, logistical, and resource constraints. The main implementation challenges identified include technical incompatibility of software environments, the regulatory uncertainty regarding the legal status of digital models, and the shortage of qualified specialists. The scientific novelty lies in developing a comprehensive concept for digital lifecycle management of adaptive shelters based on the integration of parametric modeling, multi-criteria optimization, and the BIM approach. For the first time, the structure of an integrated CDE for mobile structures has been substantiated, enabling interoperability among architectural, engineering, logistical, and analytical subsystems. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to establish an effective digital management system for the design, deployment, and operation of shelters. The proposed solutions can be integrated into national reconstruction programs, digital construction standards compliant with ISO 19650, as well as international humanitarian initiatives for modular housing.

THE EVOLUTION OF UNDERGROUND ARCHITECTURE IN THE TERRITORY OF CONTEMPORARY UKRAINE: FROM THE PALEOLITHIC ERA TO THE LATE 20TH CENTURY

Оleh Hubanishchev — 2025-11-20

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the periods and specific features of the formation of underground structures on the territory of Ukraine — from prehistoric times to the mid-20th century. Attention is paid to identifying the preconditions for the emergence and use of such facilities, which makes it possible to determine the stages of evolution of underground construction depending on natural-geographical and social factors. The article briefly describes and illustrates underground construction sites in Ukraine — from Paleolithic caves to 20th-century bunkers. Based on information from historical sources, archaeological data, and architectural analysis, the characteristic features of the planning and spatial structure of underground objects are defined. Purpose. A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of underground structures on the territory of modern Ukraine from the Paleolithic era to the second half of the 20th century, focusing on identifying the preconditions for their emergence, functional and spatial characteristics, and patterns of development. Methodology. The study is based on the analysis of historical sources, archaeological data, graphic materials (plans, sections, photographs), and design standards for underground facilities, as well as on the methods and approaches most common in domestic and international research practices of architectural heritage, mining technologies, and underground construction. Research methods. A systemic approach to the study of the object as an integral part of Ukraine’s historical and cultural heritage, with chronological and typological analysis of the evolution of underground structures in the context of socio-cultural, natural, and technological factors. Results. The study examines the role of underground structures in meeting society’s vital needs (from sacred and residential to defensive and industrial functions); the main factors influencing their planning and spatial structure (natural formations, extraction technologies, social conditions); and typological characteristics (seven stages with examples of objects). The research reveals patterns of evolution from isolated caves to multifunctional complexes and urban systems. Particular attention is given to more than 20 underground sites in Ukraine, including Crimean cave towns, monasteries, shelters, and 20th-century bunkers, with a proposed classification table. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive periodization of the evolution of underground construction in Ukraine, which is lacking in existing fragmented studies. The work emphasizes the integration of underground structures into the urban environment and their transformation from mono-functional to multi-functional complexes. The findings can supplement the existing classification system of architectural heritage and be applied in further research and in the practical revitalization of such sites. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be implemented in the processes of museification and revitalization of underground monuments to promote tourism and cultural development. Drawing additional attention to the historical development of underground spaces contributes to the advancement of a relevant architectural vector in contemporary Ukraine.

MONOTOWNS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE CONTRIBUTION OF GRASSROOTS TO THE FORMATION OF URBAN NARRATIVES

Kateryna Didenko — 2025-11-20

This study focuses on analyzing the role of grassroots initiatives in Visaginas, Lithuania, a post-industrial monotown undergoing structural transformation following the closure of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. Purpose. The primary aim is to examine how bottom-up initiatives can advance post-Soviet urban development in the context of demographic decline, social vulnerability, and limited resources, as well as how these initiatives contribute to the formation of new urban sustainability narratives. Methodology. The research is grounded in an interdisciplinary approach that integrates urban analysis, qualitative sociological methods – including semi-structured interviews and participant observation – and a spatial-cultural analysis of local practices. This combination allows for a comprehensive understanding of both the material and symbolic dimensions of urban transformation and the interactions between residents, activists, and professional stakeholders. Results. The findings indicate that grassroots initiatives play a pivotal role in enhancing social cohesion and activating urban life. They foster cultural interaction, increase attention to environmental concerns, and reimagine the city as a space of sustainable development. The study demonstrates that the synergy between local residents and professionals creates a foundation for the emergence of inclusive and resilient practices. At the same time, it identifies barriers that challenge the long-term sustainability and scalability of these initiatives, ranging from resource scarcity to limited institutional support. Scientific novelty. The originality of this research lies in the integration of urban analytical frameworks with an assessment of the transformative potential of local actions within a multicultural post-industrial setting. The study highlights mechanisms of «sustainability from below» and illustrates how grassroots initiatives can reshape dominant urban narratives under conditions of structural crisis. Practical relevance of the study lies in identifying practices that promote and factors that hinder the sustainability and development of grassroots initiatives. The mechanisms identified may be useful to other single-industry towns in their transition to a more sustainable future.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH METHODS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE BOND BETWEEN REINFORCEMENT AND CONCRET

Yevhen Dmytrenko — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic critical analysis of existing experimental methods (pull-out and beam tests) for studying the bond of reinforcement with concrete, systematization of numerous determining factors (in- cluding the properties of concrete and reinforcement, environmental conditions, ge- ometric and dynamic parameters) on the strength and nature of bond failure, as well as justifying the need to use modern monitoring techniques (DFOS and DIC) to im- prove the reliability of the bond–slip model under conditions of varying types of rebar confinement in the concrete matrix. Methodology. The study is based on a critical analysis and comparison of traditional experimental methods (pull-out/push-in tests and beam tests/beam end tests), which are fundamental for determining average and local bond stresses. The influence of material factors (concrete class, reinforcement diameter), geometric fac- tors (anchorage length, concrete cover, confinement, casting conditions), and en- vironmental/dynamic factors (corrosion, temperature, loading rate) has been sys- tematized. The key methodological approach is to analyze the potential of the latest monitoring techniques: distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) and digital image cor- relation (DIC). Results. It has been found that pull-out tests create an unrepresentative stress- strain state (concrete compression) and often give overestimated bond strength values, especially in specimens without a bond-free zone. In contrast, beam tests (in particular, the fib Model Code 2020 modification) better reflect the behavior of reinforcement in the tension zone of elements. DFOS and DIC allow accurate calcu- lation of local parameters τbond and δ, providing external validation of data and con- trol of fracture kinematics. It has been established that increasing the anchorage length (e.g., from 5Ø to 10Ø) leads to a decrease in the average bond strength (up to 32%). Well-confinement of rebar in concrete prevents brittle splitting, promoting plastic pull-out failure, which is better described by the τbond – δ analytical models recommended by current building codes. Corrosion (over 6%) and high temperatures significantly reduce bond strength, while high loading rates (dynamic effects) can in- crease it (dynamic factor of increase DIF ≈ 1.5). Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic critical synthesis of the multifactorial problem of bond, which highlights the limitations of traditional experimental databases and justifies the synergistic use of DFOS and DIC as a key tool for obtaining detailed local data. These data are necessary for mechanistically justified refinement of the parameters of the bond – slip model under conditions that correspond to operational ones (taking into account the influence of confinement, technological, dynamic, and corrosion effects). Practical relevance. A critical analysis of existing traditional testing methods allows the development of new, more advanced methods for experimental studies of the bond between reinforcement and concrete. The conclusions regarding the feasi- bility of testing methods and influencing factors create a reliable experimental basis for the development of improved numerical and analytical models of bond, which will ultimately increase the reliability of calculations of crack width, anchoring, and de- velop sound recommendations for the renovation and reinforcement of buildings and structures.

CALCULATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE AND STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF CABLE CONDUIT PIPES IN AIRFIELD PAVEMENT STRUCTURES

Oleksandr Dubyk — 2025-11-20

The article presents the results of a study on the stress-strain state of airfield pavement structures with cable duct pipes embedded within their layers. The interaction of structural elements under the action of self-weight of materials and variable operational loads from modern large take-off mass aircraft is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the influence of pipe positioning within pavement layers on the distribution of stresses and strains, as well as on the overall load-bearing capacity of the structure. The study was carried out using numerical modeling in the SCAD Office soft-ware package. Strength verification of pipes and sleeves was performed, limit values of stresses and strains were determined, and dependencies between geometric parameters of the system and its load-bearing capacity were obtained. The results show that, provided the calculated parameters of pipe wall thickness and protective pavement layers are observed, reliable operation of the cable duct system is ensured without the risk of failure. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the obtained data in the design and reconstruction of airfield pavements to ensure their durability and safe operation under conditions of intensive aviation loads. Modern airfield operating conditions are associated with high loads from new-generation aircraft. This necessitates increased reliability of engineering networks, in particular cable ducts arranged within pavement structures. Insufficient attention to their stress-strain state may lead to damage and disruption of system functioning. Modern airfield operating conditions are associated with high loads from new-generation aircraft. This necessitates increased reliability of engineering networks, in particular cable ducts arranged within pavement structures. Insufficient attention to their stress-strain state may lead to damage and disruption of system functioning. Purpose. To assess the stress-strain state and verify the strength of cable duct pipes in airfield pavement structures for different placement options, taking into account the action of permanent and variable loads. Methodology. The research methods are based on the use of the finite element method in calculating the stress-strain state of cable duct pipes in airfield pavement structures. Results. The calculations showed that the studied cable duct structures meet the requirements of strength and operational reliability. The pipe wall thickness and sleeve parameters ensure permissible stresses and strains under loads from modern aircraft (A321 NEO XLR, B737-9 MAX). The obtained results can be used to justify design decisions in the construction and modernization of airfield pavements. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the improvement of existing methods for assessing the stress-strain state of cable duct pipes in airfield pavement structures. Practical relevance. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the obtained results during the reconstruction and new construction of airfields.

HISTORY AND PROSPECTS OF DESIGNING INNOVATIVE RESEARCH CENTERS: ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD EXPERIENCE

Daniil Kalachykov — 2025-11-20

The article examines the evolution and current trends in the architectural design of innovative research centers (IRCs) with an emphasis on the analysis of world experience and the outline of future prospects. The purpose of the study is to summarize the historical development of architectural and planning solutions for innovative research centers (IRCs) in world practice and to identify the prospects for their design in the country. The main stages of the experience of designing innovative research centers are identified, which involves the transformation of the architecture of the facility. The formation of full-fledged innovative hubs is considered, which requires the analysis of foreign experience at the stages of the evolution of innovation centers, as well as new architectural solutions. An innovative facility is studied, in which the functions of science, production and communication are combined within a single architectural space. Methodology. The influence of socio-economic, technological and cultural factors on the formation of the spatial organization of innovative research centers is revealed from the beginning of the 19th century to the prospects of the architecture of the future. Stylistic transformations are analyzed – from neoclassicism to modernism and to parametric and biomorphic architecture. The generalization of historical and existing experience will provide materials for further research at the present stage. Understanding the mechanisms of spatial organization and predicting future development prospects will improve the historical analysis of the evolution of innovative research centers. Results. Modern trends are summarized as: sustainable development, digitalization, integration with the urban environment, flexibility and interdisciplinarity. The future of such centers lies in hybrid, smart and modular typologies that promote open innovation, collaboration and resilience to global challenges such as climate change and digitalization. Scientific novelty. The relationship between the architectural ideas of innovative research centers and certain historical stages of scientific and technological development is arranged. Practical relevance. The directions of prospective design of innovation centers in the conditions of climate change, urbanization, the current situation in the country and the dynamics of scientific research are determined.

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OR ALTERNATIVE PROTECTION AGAINST FULL-SCALE AGGRESSION

Mykola Kaliberda — 2025-11-20

The article explores brutalism as an architectural style in both global and Ukrainian contexts, with a particular focus on its potential role as an alternative form of protection in times of large-scale military aggression. Purpose. The study aims to trace the historical origins and architectural features of brutalism, to analyze its sociocultural impact on urban environments, and to assess its potential adaptation in contemporary Ukraine as a symbol of resilience and security. Methodology. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, combining historical-architectural analysis, typological studies, comparative analysis of Western and Ukrainian examples, as well as sociocultural and project-analytical methods. A systematic perspective made it possible to integrate aesthetic, cultural, and security-related aspects of brutalism. Results. The findings demonstrate that brutalism in Ukraine is not only a significant component of the architectural heritage of the second half of the 20th century but also a style that can be reinterpreted as an architectural strategy capable of providing both psychological reassurance and physical protection. Its massive structures, monolithic character, and minimalist design foster a sense of safety and may be adapted to contemporary urban and residential development. Scientific novelty. The article highlights the dual nature of brutalism: its architectural and cultural role in shaping urban identity, as well as its potential application in the field of security. For the first time, brutalism is proposed as a conceptual resource for creating “protected architecture” in conditions of war and crisis. Practical relevance. The research provides recommendations for integrating brutalist principles into the design of modern public and residential buildings that combine aesthetic and functional qualities with protective requirements. The results may be of value to architects, urban planners, and heritage specialists in developing resilient urban environments.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN INNOVATIVE TOOL FOR SHAPING CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

Denys Karandiuk — 2025-11-20

The article examines artificial intelligence as an innovative tool of form-making in contemporary architecture, design, and visual arts. The study identifies its role in transforming the creative process, spatial thinking, and architectural-artistic practice. The main areas of application of neural network technologies in architecture are outlined, including generative and parametric design, interior and object design, landscape modeling, digital sculpture, and artistic practices. It is determined that the integration of artificial intelligence introduces new approaches to exploring form, structure, and composition, expands the creative capabilities of architects, enhances the efficiency of design solutions, and optimizes the stages of project development. Purpose: to identify and substantiate the role of artificial intelligence as an innovative instrument of form-making in contemporary architecture; to determine the main directions of its use in architectural, design, and artistic projects; and to analyze the influence of digital technologies on the aesthetics and structure of the architectural environment. Methodology. The research employs methods of systems analysis, comparison, synthesis, and generalization of modern scientific sources and practical experience in applying neural networks in architectural design. Results. The study identifies the key areas of artificial intelligence application in architecture: the creation of conceptual and visual models, development of spatial solutions, automation of drawing and parametric modeling processes, generation of materials and textures, and formation of landscape and sculptural compositions. Neural network algorithms contribute to improving energy efficiency, harmonizing the architectural environment, and fostering new aesthetic trends. Scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of artificial intelligence as a factor of architectural and artistic transformation. For the first time, the directions of its application in architectural form-making have been systematized, and the role of algorithmic technologies in the development of compositional and spatial solutions has been defined. This opens new perspectives for architectural design within the context of digital culture. Practical relevance. The findings can be applied in the design of modern architectural objects, educational programs in architectural modeling, digital design, and art education. The integration of AI into design practice enhances the quality of architectural solutions and contributes to the development of new professional competencies among architects.

THE ROLE OF URBAN MORPHOLOGY AND CULTURAL MEMORY IN SHAPING CITY IDENTITY

Mykhailo Kosmii — 2025-11-20

The article examines the interrelation between the urban spatial morphology and cultural memory as key factors in the process of shaping the socio-cultural identity of a city. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of morphological structure of the urban environment and symbolic carriers of memory in constructing the identity of contemporary Ukrainian cities. Methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods of architectural and urban planning analysis, cultural interpretation, historical-genetic and comparative analysis, as well as the concepts of “lieux de mémoire” (P. Nora) and cultural memory theory (J. Assmann). The results are substantiated through the typologization of material and intangible factors of urban space, and by analyzing specific cases of Ukrainian cities (Kyiv, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Odesa, Kharkiv). Results demonstrate that the spatial and morphological framework of the city provides the foundation for preserving historical and architectural heritage, while cultural memory assigns symbolic meanings to this space. Different models of identity formation were identified: Kyiv, Lviv, and Kharkiv rely primarily on material heritage; Odesa emphasizes intangible cultural codes; Ivano-Frankivsk represents a balanced combination of both dimensions. Scientific novelty lies in the development of a conceptual model of interaction between urban morphology and cultural memory in shaping the socio-cultural identity of the city, as well as in the proposed typology of material and intangible factors that influence the identification of urban space. Practical relevance of the results is determined by their applicability in urban development strategies, particularly in heritage preservation, public space design, and territorial branding. The findings can be used by architects, urban planners, cultural theorists, and spatial planning specialists to improve the quality of urban environments and their alignment with the identity needs of local communities.

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN ARCHITECTURE: 3D PRINTING AS A TOOL FOR OPERATIONAL CONSTRUCTION IN WARTIME

Eduard Krasniy — 2025-11-20

The purpose of the study is to identify the prospects and limitations of using 3D printing technology for the rapid construction of architectural objects in wartime conditions and to outline the possibilities for its implementation in Ukrainian practice. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach that combines analysis of current scientific literature, study of international experience in the application of 3D printing in architecture, expert assessments of technological capabilities and materials, as well as analysis of the prospects and limitations of implementing this technology in wartime conditions in Ukraine. The use of comparative and systematic analysis made it possible to identify the key factors in the effectiveness of 3D printing for rapid construction, as well as to outline ways of integrating this technology into Ukrainian architectural practice. Results. 3D printing technology in architecture is considered one of the most promising innovations capable of ensuring a rapid response in crisis situations. Its application allows minimizing the expenditure of time, resources, and human labor, which is especially important in wartime, when there is an urgent need to create protective structures, medical centers, residential modules, and other critical infrastructure facilities. The article discusses the current state of development of 3D printing technologies in architecture, their technical capabilities, and examples of their use around the world. Particular attention is paid to the potential of this technology for Ukraine, in particular in the process of rapid construction of civil protection facilities, shelters, and temporary living spaces. The advantages of 3D printing are analyzed–high speed of construction, material savings, environmental friendliness, adaptability of design solutions–as well as limitations: regulatory barriers, equipment cost, and material durability. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive study of the possibilities of using 3D printing specifically in the context of the military conflict in Ukraine, which allows assessing its potential for the rapid restoration of residential and social infrastructure. For the first time, the advantages, limitations, and technological aspects of 3D printing in crisis situations have been systematically analyzed, with practical recommendations for its implementation in Ukrainian construction practice. Practical relevance. The results of this study can become an important element in increasing the stability and security of the state in wartime and post-war conditions, forming a new paradigm of construction focused on speed, flexibility, and innovation.

CRITERIA AND METHODS FOR ANALYZING ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING SOLUTIONS IN LOW-RISE INDIVIDUAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

Nazar Kutryk — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The aim of the article is to develop a systematic approach to the assessment of the architectural and planning environment of single-family residential developments, taking into account modern requirements for comfort, energy efficiency, and aesthetic quality of space. Methodology. The methodological basis includes analytical, comparative, and systematization methods aimed at summarizing regulatory frameworks, analyzing scientific sources, and practical examples of low-rise residential design. The study applies principles of functional-spatial analysis, environmental approach, and criteria-based evaluation of architectural solutions. Results. The main factors influencing the quality of the residential environment were identified: orientation and solar exposure of buildings, hygienic parameters of the land plot, functional and technical characteristics, economic efficiency, and architectural-artistic expressiveness. A set of criteria for assessing the architectural and planning environment was developed, which can serve as a methodological tool in design practice. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization and integration of various approaches to residential environment assessment into a unified criteria-based model adapted to the conditions of low-rise development in Ukrainian cities. A refined structure of criteria is proposed, combining technica-economic, ecological, and aesthetic aspects of architectural design. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be applied in design organizations, during the development of regulatory documents, in the educational process of architectural specialties, and in the evaluation of the quality of low-rise residential complexes. The proposed criteria contribute to increasing the efficiency of design solutions and improving the quality of the residential environment.

ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF MODERN SCHOOL BEDDING HOUSES

Anna Nakonechna — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The study aims to define and substantiate the principles of architectural and planning organization of modern school boarding houses that provide a comfortable, inclusive, and psychologically safe environment for students’ living and development. The purpose is to formulate a system of principles that reflect current social, pedagogical, and architectural challenges associated with educational reform, migration processes, and the implementation of sustainable development concepts. Methodology. The research is based on a comprehensive approach combining typological, historical-analytical, and comparative methods, as well as the method of conceptual modeling. The analysis of international and Ukrainian design experience, the study of psychological aspects of spatial perception, and the systematization of architectural practices made it possible to identify the patterns that determine the quality of the environment in school boarding houses. Results. The analysis revealed that the traditional boarding school model does not meet modern educational and social requirements. Based on the generalization of scientific sources and global design practices, four key principles of architectural and spatial organization were formulated: group-based (cluster) planning of residential units, multifunctionality of space, interactivity and adaptability of the architectural environment, and psychological comfort. The proposed system of principles establishes a theoretical framework for shaping a modern boarding school model as a human-centered, multifunctional living environment. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a systematic set of principles for the architectural and planning organization of school boarding houses has been developed, integrating architectural, socio-psychological, and pedagogical dimensions. The novelty lies in combining the typological approach with a humanistic design paradigm focused on the child’s needs. This allows viewing the boarding house not merely as a residential institution but as a space for education, development, and socialization. Practical relevance. The findings can be applied to the development of methodological guidelines, standard design solutions, and regulatory frameworks for educational architecture. The proposed principles may be implemented in the reconstruction of existing boarding facilities and the design of new school boarding houses that comply with sustainable development, inclusivity, and psychological well-being standards.

LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF NON-MEMBRANE ROOFING SLABS AND FLOOR SLABS WITH EXTERNAL REINFORCEMENT USING STEEL PROFILED DECKING AND BAR REINFORCEMENT

Vasyl Petriv — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The article considers the design of a multi-hollow ribbed reinforced concrete floor and roof slab with external reinforcement using steel profiled decking and bar reinforcement. The purpose is to increase the specific load-bearing capacity of the structure while reducing material consumption and labor costs for manufac- turing. Methodology. The proposed technical solution involves the use of a void former in the form of cardboard tubes placed in the stretched zone between the cor- rugations of the corrugated decking, which allows you to reduce the volume of con- crete without deteriorating strength characteristics. The profiled decking simultane- ously performs the functions of fixed formwork and longitudinal reinforcement, and due to its geometry it provides reliable adhesion to concrete and eliminates the need to install transverse reinforcement. The practical use of decking with a corrugation height of 75 mm has allowed to reduce the mass of the slabs by up to 50 % and re- duce the labor intensity of production by 25–40 % compared to traditional reinforced concrete structures. The paper presents the calculation prerequisites and dependencies for determining the strength of the slab, including determining the depth of the compressed zone, the stress in the corrugated sheet, the position of the neutral axis and the bending moment. Results. Bench tests confirmed the compliance of the adopted calculation model, which is based on the hypothesis of flat sections and the Prandtl diagram. The deviation between the calculated and actual moment of crack formation does not exceed 10 %, and the magnitude of deflections at the standard load decreased by an average of 20–25 %. It was established that increasing the height of the corrugation and the thickness of the steel significantly increases the rigidity of the structure and its crack resistance. The proposed parameters (corrugation height ≥60 mm, thickness ≥0.7 mm, diameter of the void formers 70–120 mm) provide the optimal ratio of strength, mass and manufacturability. The results obtained can be used to design effective composite floor slabs and roofing for civil and industrial construction. Scientific novelty. The design of a multi-hollow ribbed reinforced concrete floor and roof slab has been improved by using external reinforcement with profiled decking and bar reinforcement in combination with void formers, which made it possible to solve the problem of reducing the mass and increasing the rigidity of the structure in a new way while maintaining its strength. Practical relevance. The results obtained provide the possibility of designing effective composite floor slabs and roof coverings for civil and industrial construction with an optimal ratio of strength, mass and manufacturability, which contributes to reducing labor costs and material consumption in construction practice.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF STEEL–REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORS OF WORKING TOWERS OF GRAIN STORAGE FACILITIES

Pavlo Yakovych Ponomarov — 2025-11-20

This paper examines the technical condition assessment of steel-reinforced concrete floors in grain elevator working towers through comprehensive inspection methods applied prior to commissioning. The research focuses on evaluating construction quality, identifying defects, and validating structural integrity using advanced non-destructive testing techniques. Particular attention is given to detecting hidden imperfections such as voids, adhesion failures, and early-stage corrosion that may compromise long-term performance and safety under operational dynamic loads from grain cleaning equipment. Purpose. The aim of this study is to develop and apply an integrated approach for assessing the technical condition of steel-reinforced concrete composite floors in elevator separator levels, combining multiple non-destructive testing methods to ensure structural reliability before operational use. Methodology. The study employed a multi-stage inspection program including preliminary project documentation analysis, detailed visual inspection with photographic documentation, and instrumental surveys. Key non-destructive testing methods applied include optical-visual inspection, Schmidt hammer rebound testing for concrete compressive strength evaluation, crack detection and classification, core sampling for laboratory analysis of concrete strength and density, reinforcement corrosion assessment, and infrared thermography for detecting hidden defects and thermal anomalies indicating adhesion failures or material discontinuities. Results. Measurements at twelve control points confirmed concrete slab thickness compliance with design specifications of 150 mm (±5 mm tolerance). Visual inspection identified isolated micro-cracks up to 0.2 mm wide near equipment fastening zones and structural joints. Thermographic surveys detected localized thermal anomalies around Nelson stud connectors, suggesting potential adhesion weaknesses or initial corrosion. Laboratory testing of core samples verified concrete class C25/30 and density approximately 2400 kg/m³, with no significant reinforcement corrosion observed. Overall technical condition was assessed as satisfactory, with localized defects requiring monitoring. Scientific novelty. This work presents an integrated diagnostic methodology combining thermal imaging with traditional non-destructive testing techniques specifically tailored for steel-concrete composite floors in high-vibration industrial environments. Practical relevance. The developed methodology enables informed decision-making regarding maintenance priorities and repair strategies, contributing to enhanced safety, durability, and operational reliability of grain elevator infrastructure. Results provide practical guidelines for quality control during construction and commissioning phases of steel-reinforced concrete floors in agricultural and industrial facilities.

THE CURRENT STATE OF THE COMMUNITY CENTERS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF KYIV

Roman Savchenko — 2025-11-20

The article defines the current state of public centers in the residential districts of Kyiv within the broader context of research aimed at identifying the principles of environmental comfort in public centers of residential areas. The spatial organization, functional composition, urban planning, and social roles of these centers within the framework of the contemporary Ukrainian city are analyzed. Purpose. To determine the current state of public centers in the residential districts of Kyiv. Methodology. Spatial analysis, graph-analytical method, typological and structural analysis, field surveys, and comparative method were applied. The study is based on materials from field observations and photographic documentation, cartographic data, spatial-functional schemes, existing urban planning documents, standards, and scholarly sources in the research field. Results. The article establishes the current state of public centers in the residential districts of Kyiv. The analysis revealed that most public centers possess a structure segmented by transport infrastructure, which reduces the overall quality and comfort level of the center’s environment. A deficit of recreational and cultural facilities was identified, along with a significant imbalance in functional composition favoring commercial components. The centers display low levels of inclusivity and safety. Notable trends include: a shift of activity centers toward transport hubs and the growing prominence of monofunctional facilities. Scientific novelty. The article updates data on the present state and formation trends of public centers in Kyiv’s residential districts, specifying the comfort level of their environment in spatial, functional, and social terms. Practical relevance. The findings may be used in the development of reconstruction projects for public centers in Kyiv residential districts and in the update of urban planning documentation.

GENERALIZATION OF EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE IN THE FORMATION OF MODERN SOCIAL HOUSING

Ivan Seleshok — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to summarize the European experience in the formation of modern social housing and to identify architectural and planning principles that can be adapted to the Ukrainian context of post-war reconstruction. The research aims to determine the typological, morphological, and functional-spatial characteristics of social housing that correspond to the principles of sustainable development and ensure social integration within the urban environment. Methodology. The study is based on a systemic and comparative-analytical approach that combines typological, morphological, and graphic-analytical methods. The research relies on the analysis of implemented examples of social housing in European countries such as Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland. Official reports of Housing Europe, UNECE, and Cedos were used as the analytical foundation. The methodological framework also includes visual analysis and comparative mapping of housing typologies to reveal patterns of planning organization. Results. It has been established that social housing in European countries is characterized by a mixed typology of development, integration with public spaces, and a balance between density and comfort. The architecture of such complexes demonstrates that social housing is not synonymous with minimal standards or poor quality, but rather corresponds to the level of commercial housing of the “comfort” class. The projects analyzed feature inclusive public areas, energy-efficient technologies, and environmentally friendly materials. The study highlights the importance of sustainable design, multifunctionality, and social diversity as core principles of contemporary housing development. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the architectural and planning parameters of social housing in European countries have been systematized from the perspective of sustainable development and potential adaptation to Ukrainian realities. The article clarifies the concept of sustainable-type social housing as a spatial and social system focused on flexibility, inclusiveness, and ecological balance. Practical relevance. The research results can be applied in the development of guidelines and state standards for designing social housing in Ukraine, particularly within the framework of post-war reconstruction. The proposed principles provide a methodological basis for creating sustainable, energy-efficient, and socially integrated housing environments that contribute to the formation of resilient local communities.

MODERN TRENDS OF SUBURBANIZATION: SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTISAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN THE SUBURBAN AREA OF LVIV

Igor Stets — 2025-11-20

The article examines modern trends in the development of low-rise residential housing in the suburban area of Lviv as one of the key forms of suburbanization processes. The study is based on the analysis of the historical stages of suburban area formation, spatial patterns of the distribution of residential complexes, and the specific features of their functional structure. Special attention is paid to identifying the typological characteristics of low-rise residential development, the level of its infra- structural development, and its impact on the socio-economic growth of surrounding communities. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the specific features of low-rise residential development in the suburban area of Lviv as one of the key forms of suburbanization processes. Methodology. The research applies a comprehensive approach that includes a historical and retrospective analysis of suburban development, typological analysis of low-rise residential housing, spatial mapping using geoinformation data, and a comparative analysis of functional and planning characteristics of different types of residential complexes. Results. The study establishes the evolution of suburban development from Soviet-era garden cooperatives to modern organized low-rise residential settlements. It identifies the dominance of terraced housing typologies and small-scale complexes of up to 20 residential units. Spatial patterns in the distribution of res- idential settlements were revealed – concentration along major transport routes (Solonka, Sokilnyky, Zubra) and within recreational zones (Bryukhovychi). The study also highlights the problem of imbalance between residential and public functions, social isolation of most complexes, as well as both the positive and negative impacts of low-rise residential development on the territories of local communities. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the functional and spatial development features of low-rise residential areas within the suburban zone of Lviv have been systematically analyzed. The main typological characteristics, functional-spatial models, and urban as well as socio-economic implications for suburban territories have been identified. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be used in developing a sustainable development strategy for the suburban zone of Lviv, particularly for: – improving functional and spatial planning schemes of such territories, taking into account the processes of low-rise residential construction as an important com- ponent of the housing structure within the area influenced by a large city in a market economy; – formulating recommendations for the balanced development of residential, public, and recreational functions within low-rise residential areas.

FEATURES OF REBUILDING THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN AREAS DESTROYED BY MILITARY ACTION

Yuliia Tykhonenko — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The aim of the study is to identify and summarise the characteristics of the reconstruction of the living environment in areas destroyed by military action, taking into account modern requirements for safety, functionality, inclusiveness and environmental sustainability, as well as to analyse current Ukrainian and international experience in this field in order to find effective approaches to creating a new living environment. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is based on a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that combines analysis of existing Ukrainian and international experience with the reconstruction of the living environment in a post-war context. The work is based on a comparative analysis of spatial solutions, a study of the typology of damaged and new residential buildings, an urban planning assessment of the state of destroyed territories, as well as an analysis of current regulations governing the design, reconstruction and placement of residential and public buildings. Elements of graphic modelling and conceptual forecasts of the environment are applied, taking into account current challenges in the areas of security, inclusiveness, environmental sustainability and social adaptation of the population. The generalisation of the results of previous studies and practical experience [2], [3] provides material for identifying an approach at the present stage. The article is a continuation of the authors’ previous studies on the reconstruction of the residential environment [1], [4], etc. Results. The most important features affecting the reconstruction of the living environment in destroyed areas have been identified, in particular the need to integrate protective elements into the structure of residential buildings, re-evaluate outdated building types and introduce new functional and design solutions that emphasise flexibility, accessibility and comfort of living. It was found that it is advisable to combine traditional and innovative approaches in design, taking into account the social context and the real needs of the population. The importance of the quality of the visual and functional environment, green areas, recreational areas, protective infrastructure and public spaces as components of a new model of the living environment was confirmed. The study also made it possible to develop an approach to transforming damaged areas into more sustainable and safer ones. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the peculiarities of developing an approach to rebuilding the living environment in areas destroyed as a result of hostilities have been identified and characterised, taking into account current trends in architecture and urban planning. The work proposes new approaches to the integration of sustainable and adaptive architectural solutions that not only provide a comfortable living environment for residents but also meet current environmental and energy efficiency requirements, taking into account psychological and social aspects. The contribution to modern science lies in expanding scientific knowledge on the restoration of the living environment in post-conflict situations. The proposed approaches contribute to the formation of new standards of architectural design in war-torn regions and can be used in international practice for the reconstruction of territories affected by military operations or natural disasters. Practical relevance. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the developed proposals for real projects to reconstruct the living environment in war-torn regions of Ukraine. The proposed solutions can serve as a basis for restoring the housing stock, taking into account the needs of local communities and integrating new technologies into the design of residential buildings.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN: NEW DESIGN METHODS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE PROFESSION

Arsenii Troshkin — 2025-11-20

The article examines the impact of contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) tools on architectural and design workflows, as well as the transformation of creative and educational methods resulting from their integration into professional practice. Special attention is given to the interaction between the designer and generative, parametric, and language-oriented algorithms. Purpose. To analyse how AI tools transform design methodologies and educa- tional practices, and to determine their influence on decision-making and the devel- opment of spatial thinking. The study focuses on the results of an educational exper- iment involving the Finch 3D system. Methodology. The research is based on an analysis of scientific publications, a comparison of widely used AI platforms, and the implementation and evaluation of a real educational experiment. The methodology combines practical testing, compara- tive analysis, and pedagogical observation. Results. Generative models proved effective at the conceptual stage, enabling rapid verification of ideas and exploration of multiple visual and compositional solu- tions. Parametric systems, particularly Finch 3D, provide automated generation of spatial layouts, accelerating work with variations and helping students better under- stand spatial logic. The educational experiment demonstrated that comparing stu- dents’ own solutions with algorithmic ones enhances critical thinking and improves the quality of design decisions. The study also highlights the growing shift toward language-based interfaces (“vibe-coding”), where interaction with the system occurs through the articulation of intentions and descriptive prompts. Scientific novelty. The study clarifies the role of AI in shaping a new mul- ti-variant model of design interaction, in which the designer works not with a single solution but with numerous algorithmically generated alternatives. The concept of “vibe-coding” is proposed as a promising form of communication between the de- signer and the system, based on semantic formulations rather than technical com- mands. Practical relevance. The findings may be applied to updating educational cur- ricula, developing recommendations for integrating AI into professional practice, and creating effective methodologies for working with AI-based design tools.

THE CITY AS AN EXHIBITION: CINEMATIC, THEATRICAL, AND MUSEUM APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF SPACE

Olena Troshkina — 2025-11-20

The article explores the concept of museum exhibitions applied to the urban environment, where architectural objects and spaces function as elements of a visual exposition. The purpose of the study is to identify the potential of cinematographic, theatrical, and exhibition-based approaches in the formation and perception of urban space. The architectural environment is interpreted as an exposition operating according to the principles of a stage, film frame, and exhibition space. The methodological basis is an interdisciplinary analysis that combines principles of cinematography (frame sequence, gaze movement), theatre (mise-en-scène, scenography), and museum studies (exhibition space, scenario, visual accents). Comparative, typological, and semantic approaches to the urban environment are applied. Results. The study substantiates the relevance of perceiving the city as an exposition with its own route, dramaturgy, and compositional nodes. Architectural objects are interpreted as “exhibits”, while spatial transitions are understood as sequences of frames or scenes. Analogies are identified between museum techniques (centering, isolation, lighting, spatial dilution) and urban planning tools (dominant elements, perspective axes, squares, cour d’honneur, light accents). The role of scenario-based perception and sequential spatial experience in shaping environmental dramaturgy is confirmed. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the city is proposed as an exposition system with a scenario-based logic grounded in the principles of cinema, theatre, and the museum. The study substantiates the relevance of analyzing urban space as a narrative structure, in which meanings are formed through the organization of routes, spatial accents, and human interaction. Practical relevance. The results can be applied in urban planning, urban design, and the renovation of urban areas. The approach enhances spatial legibility, emotional engagement, and the formation of environmental identity. Scenario-based and exhibition-oriented strategies reinforce the city’s role as a communicative and cultural system.

MODELING PEDESTRIAN FLOWS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT HUMAN COMFORT LEVELS

Oksana Chernyshova — 2025-11-20

The article discusses the issue of ensuring the comfort level of pedestrians in buildings using the example of railway stations. The authors examine the relationship between the geometric parameters of space, the characteristics of pedestrian flows, and individual perception of the environment. Particular attention is paid to assessing traffic conditions in crowded places, where comfort is influenced not only by the parameters of the premises, but also by psychophysiological factors of safety and convenience. An analysis of domestic and foreign research by scientists has made it possible to summarize modern approaches to assessing the level of comfort by introducing the concept of a comfort index. The results obtained will make it possible to ensure a more comfortable, safe, and barrier-free environment in station complexes for passengers of all categories. The purpose of the work is to create a quantitative model for assessing pedestrian comfort, taking into account the relationship between the physical parameters of the environment and users’ perception of comfort. Methodology. The research methods are based on a systematic approach to analyzing pedestrian traffic conditions in buildings, using railway station complexes as an example. A comprehensive combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators is used to assess comfort. The proposed comfort index is based on criteria that take into account spatial parameters, flow characteristics, and individual behavioral characteristics of pedestrians. Results. During the research, it was established that the level of comfort is characterized by a set of parameters: geometric dimensions of premises, intensity and speed of pedestrian flows, visual perception of space, and psychophysiological state of visitors. Based on the analysis, the use of a comfort index is proposed, which allows for a quantitative assessment of the conditions for movement in buildings. The model is effective in evaluating planning decisions and identifying areas of congestion. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the improvement of existing methods for assessing the comfort level of transport buildings for pedestrians by introducing the concept of a comfort index, which includes the geometric parameters of premises, flow characteristics, and behavioral features of pedestrians of different categories. Practical relevance. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained during the reconstruction and new construction of stations, improving the organization of pedestrian traffic in station buildings, taking into account comfort indicators.

DIVERSITY OF GYMNOSPERMS IN THE LANDSCAPING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT CATHEDRAL IN CHERNIVTSI

Yanina Honcharenko — 2025-11-20

The article presents the results of landscaping studies conducted on the territory of the Holy Spirit Cathedral in Chernivtsi and the analysis of the range of Gymnosperms. Thirty species and cultivars of ornamental coniferous plants were identified on the cathedral grounds, which are absent in other garden and park of the city. The analysis of the correspondence between the decorative qualities of the existing plants and the recommendations on sacred symbolism shows that the latter is not fully observed. Given the important functions of sacred structures as centers of psychological rehabilitation, tourist attraction, and image enhancement of the city, it is recommended to select plants and design compositions based on scientifically grounded landscaping projects. The purpose of the research is to analyze the diversity of Gymnosperms on the territory of the Holy Spirit Cathedral in Chernivtsi to determine the potential of the most valuable ornamental species for further introduction into urban green infrastructure and to increase their aesthetic appeal. The research methodology is based on the analysis of literary sources and the study of existing examples of landscaping sacred sites in Ukraine and abroad. Route and field surveys, as well as methods of analysis and comparison, were applied. The results of the study indicate that the selection of plant assortments for landscaping sacred sites remains a debatable issue due to the absence of clear guidelines. The modern range of nurseries makes it possible to use plants with diverse decorative characteristics. However, the lack of a scientifically based landscaping project may lead to the planting of species that do not meet environmental requirements, which in turn causes deterioration of their sanitary condition and loss of decorativeness. The presence of well-adapted, highly ornamental coniferous cultivars on the cathedral territory, which are absent in the parks and squares of Chernivtsi, provides grounds for enriching the diversity of gymnosperms in various types of urban plantings. Sacred territories can additionally perform functions of rehabilitation centers, improve the psycho-emotional state of visitors, and contribute to tourism development. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the range of ornamental coniferous plants on the territory of the Holy Spirit Cathedral in Chernivtsi, analyzing their symbolic meaning, and determining their compliance with the sacred character of the site. The introduction of the most adapted species into urban green spaces will expand the diversity of ornamental plants, enhance the aesthetic appeal of the city’s architectural landscape, and consequently strengthen the image of Chernivtsi as a tourist destination. Practical relevance. The identified ornamental plants can serve as positive examples of species selection and contribute to their wider use in urban parks and squares. The revealed shortcomings in the existing landscape compositions highlight the need to develop a comprehensive landscaping project that considers ecological characteristics of plants. The landscaped areas of sacred buildings can provide mul- tiple ecosystem services, primarily cultural ones.

FORMATION OF MODERN MEMORIAL SPACES AS AN ENVIRONMENT OF MULTISENSORY PERCEPTION OF MEMORY

Maryna Lysuchevska — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the multisensory perception of memory in the context of the formation of memorial spaces and to determine the influence of the combination of sensory, cognitive, and emotional perception channels on collective consciousness. The focus is on analyzing the role of such spaces in preserving historical memory, maintaining cultural continuity, and developing social reflection. Methodology. The research applies a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that combines elements of cultural, psychological, architectural, and socio-communicative analysis. Methods of comparative analysis of world memorial sites, a structural-functional approach to studying spatial organization and visual-sensory characteristics, as well as content analysis of materials devoted to the design of modern memorial environments, were used. Results. The article substantiates that multisensory perception of memory ensures deeper emotional engagement of visitors to memorial spaces, stimulates empathy, and promotes the formation of stable associative links between the past and the present. It was found that architectural form, sound and light effects, tactile and spatial solutions create a synergistic effect that activates mechanisms of collective remembering. Analyzed examples of memorial objects in different countries demonstrate the diversity of artistic and technological approaches to representing historical memory and its integration into the urban environment. The significance of memorial spaces as tools of civic education, moral development, and cultural dialogue is emphasized. Scientific novelty. For the first time, multisensory perception is considered a key factor in the effectiveness of a memorial space that combines aesthetic, psychological, and communicative dimensions of influence on visitors. The potential of integrating sensory technologies into the design process of modern memorial objects to enhance emotional and cognitive impact is revealed. The author proposes an interpretation of the memorial space as a dynamic environment of collective experience capable of influencing social narratives and shaping new models of memory. Practical relevance. The obtained results can be used in developing architectural and artistic concepts of memorial complexes, designing public spaces, and in museum and educational practice. The conclusions of the study have applied importance for urban studies, cultural policy, and heritage management aimed at preserving historical memory and strengthening the sociocultural unity of society.

INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES INTO THE GREENING AND PLANNING OF URBAN GARDEN-PARK TERRITORIES

Svitlana Nahorna — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and practically implement the integration of landscape architecture principles into the process of greening and planning garden and park areas of the urban environment, taking into account ecological, aesthetic, and socio-recreational requirements. The main focus is on the formation of sustainable spatial structures capable of improving the quality of the urban environment and the level of comfort for its residents. Methodology. The research employed methods of spatial analysis, field surveys, morphological analysis of plant communities, and visual-graphic modeling in the Figma environment to create conceptual design proposals. The theoretical basis consists of scientific works by Ukrainian and foreign authors devoted to the development of green infrastructure, principles of sustainable urban greening, and ecological-architectural planning. Results. As a result of the study, a concept for the spatial organization of the green area was developed using the example of Poltava State Agrarian University. Projects of multi-tiered plantings using ornamental shrubs and herbaceous plants were proposed and implemented, ensuring compositional harmony and ecosystem stability. During the reconstruction of the territory, the principles of ecological feasibility, landscape harmony, and functional interaction of different spatial elements were prioritized. The implementation of the projects made it possible to create a space that simultaneously performs recreational, sanitary-hygienic, and aesthetic functions. The use of plant species resistant to climatic conditions increased the adaptability of plantings and reduced the maintenance needs of the designed areas. The evaluation of the implemented solutions demonstrated a significant improvement in environmental quality. Thus, the developed concept confirmed the effectiveness of integrating ecological and design approaches into the spatial planning of green areas, which can serve as a model for the further development of similar objects. Scientific novelty. The sequence of applying landscape architecture principles in the greening process of urban areas has been substantiated, combining visual-compositional and ecological analysis. Practical relevance. As a result of the research, methodological principles were proposed for effectively combining architectural and design solutions with an emphasis on preserving natural ecosystems, which is an essential condition for the formation of sustainable urban systems.

USE OF ESSENTIAL OIL, AROMATIC, AND MEDICINAL PLANTS IN GREEN SPACE DESIGN

Kateryna Savchuk — 2025-11-20

The article examines the use of essential oil, aromatic, and medicinal plants in the design of green spaces. The study aims to identify their aesthetic potential, phytoncidal properties, and possibilities for harmonious integration into urban and private landscaping. The objective is to justify the feasibility of using essential oil, aromatic, and medicinal plants in modern green space design as elements combining decorative, ecological, and health-promoting functions. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to justify the feasibility of using essential oil, aromatic, and medicinal plants in modern green space design as elements that combine decorative value, ecological benefits, and health-promoting effects. Methodology. A comprehensive approach was applied, including the analysis of scientific sources on phytodesign, botany, and landscape architecture, a comparative-descriptive method to study morphological and decorative plant traits, and a systematization method to determine principles for species selection based on their functional purpose. Ecological-aesthetic criteria, seasonal flowering dynamics, and aromatic compositional compatibility of species were considered. Results. It was established that essential oil, aromatic, and medicinal plants, besides their decorative value, enhance air quality, create a favorable microenvironment, and positively influence human psycho-emotional state. The use of species such as narrow-leaved lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), calendula (Calendula officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), among others, allows the creation of functional-decorative gardens, aromatic alleys, and therapeutic recreational areas. Scientific novelty. For the first time, approaches to using plants with high essential oil content in green space design are generalized from the perspective of their phytoncidal activity, coloristics, texture, and aroma. Principles for creating aromatic compositions are defined, combining plants’ bioenergetic properties with artistic-spatial solutions. Practical relevance. The results can be applied in the design of park and garden areas, creation of phytotherapeutic and relaxation zones, landscaping of sanatorium-resort facilities, and private gardens. The proposed recommendations contribute to the formation of ecologically sustainable, aesthetically expressive, and health-promoting green spaces.

URBAN GARDENS – SPACES FOR RECOVERY AND ELEMENTS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

Yelyzaveta Tsepur — 2025-11-20

The article explores the role of urban gardens as therapeutic, social, and ecological spaces within contemporary urban environments. The study examines how green areas contribute to improving psychophysical health, reducing stress, strengthening social interaction, and enhancing ecological stability in cities. Special attention is given to therapeutic and inclusive gardens, as well as international and Ukrainian practices of their implementation. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the therapeutic and social potential of urban gardens, substantiate their role in restoring psychophysical wellbeing, and justify the importance of integrating green spaces into modern urban infrastructure. Methodology. A comprehensive methodological approach was applied, including the analysis of scientific literature on urban ecology, landscape architecture, and psychoecology; a comparative-analytical method to assess international and national examples of therapeutic gardens; a structural–functional analysis to determine the role of plant compositions and spatial organization in producing restorative effects; and a project-modelling approach for evaluating compositional and sensory solutions in inclusive green spaces. Empirical observations of implemented projects were used to assess their ecological, psychological, and social efficiency. Results. The study established that urban gardens significantly contribute to reducing stress levels, improving emotional well-being, and fostering social cohesion. Green spaces enhance air quality, regulate microclimate, and support urban biodiversity. Therapeutic gardens, community gardens, and inclusive green zones demonstrate high potential for facilitating rehabilitation, especially for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, veterans, and people with disabilities. Their integration into urban planning strengthens resilience and promotes healthier, more sustainable cities. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the study synthesizes interdisciplinary approaches to understanding urban gardens as multifunctional restorative systems that combine ecological value, therapeutic potential, and social integration. It clarifies the classification of urban garden functions and defines the conceptual framework for designing inclusive and sensory-based therapeutic spaces. Practical relevance. The findings can be applied in designing therapeutic and recreational gardens, planning green infrastructure for medical and rehabilitation facilities, and developing inclusive public spaces. The recommendations support the creation of environmentally sustainable, socially engaging, and health-promoting urban environments, contributing to post-war recovery and long-term urban resilience.

CLUSTER ARCHITECTURAL- PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THERAPEUTIC-REHABILITATION GARDENS: PRINCIPLES, LAYOUT MODELS AND PHYTOMODULES

Oktyabryna Chemakina — 2025-11-20

Purpose. The article aims to develop and test a cluster-based architectural and planning model of a therapeutic and rehabilitation garden for university and medico-social environments. The cluster is considered as a basic unit of spatial organization with a hierarchy “core – intermediate clusters – periphery”, which ensures therapeutic effectiveness, accessibility and environmental legibility. Methodology. The research employs theoretical modelling and applied design analysis. The principles of universal and multisensory design and functional zoning are systematized. A typology of zones by target effects and sensory channels is proposed, as well as a standardized “passport” of the therapeutic phytomodule (purpose, species composition, conditions of placement and maintenance). Four territorial layout models are compared, and the applicability of the model is assessed through expert judgments and scenario modelling of user trajectories. Results. The hierarchy of clusters and their linkage to the routing and planning framework of the garden are substantiated, which makes it possible to construct sequences of use such as “entrance – adaptation – immersion – relaxation – reflection”. Key zones are identified (sensory, cognitive, art, rehabilitation, emotional and ecological clusters), and the structure of the phytomodule is standardized as the smallest design unit with reproducible quality. Scientific novelty. A holistic cluster model of a therapeutic garden is proposed, with detailing down to the level of the phytomodule, and the relationship between the cluster structure and the multisensory organization of space is demonstrated. Practical relevance. The model can serve as a basis for designing veteran and university therapeutic gardens and sensory routes of campuses. The modularity of the cluster approach reduces implementation costs and allows the adaptation of solutions to different urban planning conditions.