Theory and practice of design

MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURES AND GREENING STRATEGIES IN CITIES OF СANADA

2024-10-08T16:26:50+03:00

The article examines current approaches to improving green infrastructure and greening strategies in Canadian cities. Attention is focused on innovative methods and techniques, analysis of the role of green areas in improving air quality, reducing the impact of climate change and improving the quality of life of the urban population. Successful examples of landscaping, namely successful implementation of green projects in various cities of Canada, such as Vancouver, Toronto, Montreal and others, examples of using the latest technologies and involving the public in creating more sustainable and ecologically clean urban environments are considered. The importance of partnership between city authorities, the public and the private sector in the implementation of green initiatives is emphasized. The effectiveness of such measures in reducing CO2 emissions, improving air quality, stimulating an active lifestyle and improving the aesthetic appearance of cities has been established. The importance of providing access to green areas in all areas of the city to ensure equal conditions for all residents was discussed. Goal. To reveal the features of modern techniques and strategies for improving green infrastructure and landscaping in Canadian cities with the aim of revealing their impact on the quality of life of residents, environmental sustainability and the development of urban spaces. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of the relevant literary sources regarding the greening of Canadian cities. The results. Identifying current approaches and innovative methods to improve green infrastructure and greening strategies in Canadian cities. Scientific novelty. It is presented in a study of the effectiveness of various types of plants, their impact on the urban environment and the lives of residents. Practical significance. Adoption of experience from foreign countries and its use in the greening of Ukrainian cities.

ТOLERANCE OF ORNAMENTAL CEREALS TO AIR POLLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CAMPUS OF THE NSC «INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE» OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV

2024-10-08T16:33:21+03:00

Air pollution is a global phenomenon caused by unsustainable and rapid industrial development. Air quality is deteriorating every day due to an increase in the concentration of various gases in the atmosphere. Currently, no system has been developed that would completely remove air pollutants, but nature has already created a number of systems that to some extent counteract the harmful effects of various types of anthropogenic activities. Some plants can withstand high concentrations of pollutants and act as absorbers or filters that minimize air pollution by absorbing, adsorbing, detoxifying, accumulating and metabolizing the pollution. The goal is to assess the air pollution tolerance of plants of ornamental cereals in the transformed conditions of the campus of the NSC «Institute of Biology and Medicine» of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. Methodology. Commonly accepted biochemical methods of analysis of plant raw materials were used (determination of the content of the sum of chlorophylls, ascorbic acid, pH of leaf extract, relative water content), statistical methods of analysis. The results. Plants that can adapt to higher concentrations of pollutants can be proposed as tolerant species and used as pollutant sinks. In this study, air pollution tolerance indices (APTI index) of ornamental cereals Miscanthus Chinese variety Zebrinus, Miscanthus Chinese variety Silberfeder, Pennisetum foxtail variety Hameln, which grow in the transformed conditions of the campus of the NSC «Institute of Biology and Medicine» of Taras Shevchenko National University o Kyiv were investgatied. The APTI index is widely used to determine the reaction of plants to air pollution, based on physiological and biochemical parameters – markers of the functional state of plants, such as the total content of chlorophyll in leaves, the pH of leaf extract, the content of ascorbic acid, and the relative content of water. Gardeners use APTI to select tolerant plant species, to rank plants by level of tolerance to air pollution. Scientific novelty. The conducted studies of ornamental cereals of the genera Miscanthus and Pennisetum, which grow in the transformed conditions of the urban biotope, indicate that the plants are tolerant to air pollution, dryness of the soil cover, and an excessive amount of air masses both in terms of decorativeness and physiological parameters of resistance, which makes it possible to recommend them for wide use in landscape design of urban spaces. Practical significance. The air pollution tolerance index is an excellent basis for selecting plants for creating green belts to mitigate air pollution. Selection of tolerant plant species will contribute to the creation of a database that can help landscapers design green belts around industrial enterprises and national highways.

DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD OF STUDYING USER INTERFACES IN MULTIMEDIA

2024-10-08T14:12:53+03:00

The question of creating a multimedia design based on researches of various types of interaction and its communicative component through the identification of patterns and design models for effective implementation in the design practices of this direction is considered. Purpose. Purpose of the article is to determine the main directions of the search for methods of studying modeling of user interaction and multimedia environment with further research of promising methods for their use in design practice. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the directions of initiation, attraction, involvement, anthropologization and meta-anthropologization during user interaction in a multimedia environment. Results. Studies of the user interface in multimedia design allowed us to hypothesize that the development of this field was initially aimed at reproducing aspects of interpersonal interaction. However, before starting work with the methodology, a preliminary study of various experiences of «anthropologizing» in interaction with a visual representative of digital information was conducted. This research has shown that this path is unlikely to lead to the fact that at the final stage of development, interfaces and multimedia will be completely analogous to human communication. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition of current research methods for modeling user interaction and multimedia environment, taking into account the trends of these areas of design creation. Practical relevance. The practical significance of this research lies in the possibility of using the obtained results in the development of educational and professional programs for the training of specialists in the specialty «Design» in the areas of interactive and multimedia design. The introduction into the teaching program of a theoretical and practical model of user interface design with the corresponding stages according to its characteristics, considered in this study, has a direct applied component, which will allow creating effective methods of targeting and differentiating the necessary connections for a positive perception by the user during interaction with users of various types of immersive realities.

PRINCIPLES OF ERGODESIGN IN THE FORMATION OF RESIDENTIAL INTERIOR FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

2024-10-08T14:18:50+03:00

The research dedicated to identifying the peculiarities of the formation of a living environment for people with disabilities, in particular, the selection of ergodesign principles of designing such an environment according to the type of disability. The work focuses on the intellectual understanding of the interior, which is based on the individual characteristics of people with a certain type of disability and develops in the direction of the formation of a barrier-free space, taking into account the factors that affect comfort. The purpose of the work is to highlight the principles of ergodesign, effective methods of residential interior design, search for innovative solutions in residential interior design, which will contribute to the creation of a comfortable and safe environment, ensuring physical and informational accessibility of living conditions. Methodology: measurement and visual observation methods were used in the research process. Functional and ergonomic analyses discovered the features of a comfortable interior that would meet the needs of people with disabilities were revealed. Systemic comparative analysis made it possible to identify approaches to the formation of the living environment of a person with disabilities in the direction of ensuring self-service and matching the space to the needs and level of disability. Conclusions and a general humanistic direction of design and ergonomics in ensuring the quality, safety and comfort of the internal environment are made by the methods of generalization, synthesis and forecasting. Results. The location of the problems of ergonomic design of the interior design of the residential environment for the disabled in the context of the nationwide theme of the formation of barrier-free and universal urban environment is determined. The nature of the relationship between the type of disability and the requirements for the formation of a residential interior is defined and described. The principles of ergodesign are highlighted. In the context of the formation of a barrier-free living environment, the main methods of designing such an environment and their influence on the formation of comfort and aesthetics of space are highlighted. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the principles of ergodesign in the design of the living environment for people with disabilities, which are formed on the basis of the analysis of various types of physical and mental disabilities. Practical significance. This work will be useful for designers and planners in order to improve the standard of living and comfort of people with disabilities. The article presents the direction of designing a residential environment, which aims to achieve complete independence of the disabled in meeting their everyday needs.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN DESIGNING CHILDREN’S FURNITURE: TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS

2024-10-08T14:23:17+03:00

The purpose of this study is to develop multifunctional furniture that meets the evolving needs of children through sustainable design methods. It aims to drive the development of children’s furniture design towards sustainability, reducing environmental impact, while providing children with a healthier, more flexible, and personalized environment for growth. Methodology. Literature analysis method: Referencing monographs and journals both domestically and internationally on children’s furniture design and sustainable design. Interdisciplinary research method: Involving the integration of theories and methods from different disciplines to delve into the sustainable design techniques for children’s furniture. Case analysis method, structural-functional analysis, etc. are used. The research results highlight the effectiveness and practicality of the sustainable design techniques for children’s furniture. Through foldable and stackable structures, adjustability in furniture dimensions has been successfully achieved, enabling the furniture to adapt to the changing body sizes and usage needs of children. Addressing children’s physiological characteristics to support their healthy growth and reduce fatigue, adjustable-angle furniture has been designed for desks and chairs. Implementation of modular design allows for furniture reconfiguration and functional expansion as children grow, enhancing both the fun and educational aspects of the furniture, encouraging children’s participation and exploration. Application of color variability technology, through detachable decorative panels, allows for personalized adjustments of furniture colors according to children’s preferences and psychological needs. The study also achieves design standardization, including standardization of components and interfaces, which not only enhances furniture replaceability and maintainability but also optimizes resource utilization, reduces production costs, and minimizes environmental impact. Scientific novelty. The innovation lies in the integration of adjustable, modular, and intellectually stimulating multifunctional furniture. This technological approach particularly considers the physiological and psychological growth needs of children, supporting their healthy development through adjustable angles and dimensions. Additionally, the introduction of color variability technology allows children to change the appearance of the furniture according to their personal preferences, enhancing its customization and interactivity. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application for designers and manufacturers in the design of children furniture.

ACADEMIC AND REALISTIC METHODS OF PLASTIC EXPRESSION IN THE WORK OF ARSEN SAVADOV

2024-10-08T14:33:31+03:00

The goal is to reveal the peculiarities of the use of realistic and academic painting by Arsen Savadov in his creative works, sir. 1990s – 2010s. To determine the main formal and compositional principles and trace the process of development and transformation of the artist’s creative method in the painting of the specified period. Methodology. In the course of the research, a comprehensive approach was applied, including inductive, descriptive, comparative, chronological, and source studies methods, as well as art analysis of visual sources. The results. A formal and compositional analysis of the author’s stage works during the specified period was carried out. The process of transformation of compositional methods and elements is revealed, and the main stylistic features of the studied works are also determined. The role of the method of realistic and academic writing is traced, and characteristic stylistic features of the artist’s painting work are revealed. Scientific novelty: The work of the famous contemporary Ukrainian artist Arsen Savadov is examined in this article for the first time from the point of view of the influence and application of the methods of realistic and academic painting. The features of Arsen Savadov’s painting style, which demonstrates artistic and symbolic transformations during the specified period of the artist’s work, are defined and characterized. Practical significance. Given the existence of a small number of studies devoted to the work of Arsen Savadov, this article complements the understanding of the process of formation of the painting of one of the most prominent figures of the New Wave and modern Ukrainian art. Research materials can also be used as justification for the relevance of using traditional artistic practices and methods in the creation of modern works of art.

CURRENT GLOBAL TRENDS IN FINE ART AUCTIONS

2024-10-08T14:38:48+03:00

The purpose of the study is to review the current global trends that are being implemented in the field of art auctions and reflected in modern multimedia digital forms. From the point of view of methodological support of the study, the following principles are important: objectivity, systematicity (integrity, all-roundness, complexity) and historical and logical. In a number of art and cultural approaches, scientific methods were applied, in particular, methods of evaluation (material and aesthetic) of artistic creativity, which, in turn, is the object and platform of auction activity: 1. the historical and cultural method (it allows for a systematic assessment of the peculiarities of the development of fine art in certain historical periods); 2. the historical and biographical method, the method of prosopography (these methodological techniques allow for a comprehensive study of the peculiarities of the life and work of artists (whose works are the subject of art auction activity), highlighting the significance of their work in the world, etc; 3. the historical-comparative method allows comparing the peculiarities and results of the work of visual artists with global, regional and glocal cultural and artistic processes; 4. the methods of diachrony and synchrony allow assessing the dynamic process of creating artistic works, the development of artistic styles, genres, trends, etc. from the cultural and art historical point of view; 5. the method of art historical comparative analysis allows identifying a work of visual art as an artistic phenomenon, its style, 6. the methodology of semiotics and semiology is the basis for aesthetic assessments of the works of fine art masters; it is based on art historical and cultural studies in the field of signs, meanings, senses, symbols, codes, etc., which in a certain way allow to characterise the features of the aesthetic platform of works of fine art in the sense of ethnic identity, universal archetypes, etc.; 7. application of modern methods of art history – formal and stylistic analysis, iconological method of interpretation of an artwork, etc., allows to systematically assess the features of artworks that are the subject of an auction sale; the method of stylistic analysis involves the study of the theme and plot of a work of fine art, features of its iconography, as well as composition, colour, colour scheme and other characteristic features in order to identify the work described as belonging to a certain chronological period, style or trend. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the up-to-date assessment of current trends in the global art market, in particular, in the space of art auctions – the leaders of the contemporary art market. The research has led to the following conclusions: 1. the modern art auction space takes into account the latest achievements in the multimedia digital sphere; 2. modern art auctions offer for sale both works of past historical and cultural periods and works created on the basis of modern techniques and technologies.

LINE-THREAD AND FABRIC OF SPACETIME IN THE CREATIVE CONCEPT OF IVAN MARCHUK

2024-10-08T14:43:00+03:00

The uniqueness of the creative method of the Ukrainian artist Ivan Marchuk is studied in the context of the development of modern scientific thought. The goal of the article is to deepen the outlined parallels between the understanding of spacetime in the concept of “Pliontanism” by Ivan Marchuk and the emergence and formation of the concepts of theoretical physics and philosophy of the last third of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century. The principle of interdisciplinary and integrated approaches is used to study the peculiarities of Ivan Marchuk’s creative method in its connections and relationships with modern scientific ideas. The methods used are: historical and chronological; biographical; historical and comparative and art historical analysis. The results. The work of Ivan Marchuk demonstrates a synergistic unity in the contemporary search for art and science. The formation of “ Pliontanism” as an original method of Ivan Marchuk reveals the artist’s interest in reproducing the modern scientific understanding of the spacetime continuum. The line is conceived by the artist as a direction of energy movement that fills the entire universe. The absence of the beginning and end of the line, its energy potential fulfills the task of embodying the world’s multidimensionality. Scientific novelty. The work of the Ukrainian artist Ivan Marchuk as a representative of postmodernism demonstrates the correspondence between the processes of art development and scientific concepts of the period. Ivan Marchuk is primarily interested in the study of the processes of formation and interaction of forms as special parts of space, rather than the existence of completed static objects. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used for further research of Ivan Marchuk’s oeuvre and Ukrainian fine art of the last third of the 20th – first quarter of the 21st century, as well as for updating the principles of teaching professional cycle disciplines in higher art education institutions, enriching the understanding of the theoretical foundations of visual art by art students.

ADAPTATION AND EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONS IN MODERN DESIGN ON THE EXAMPLE OF «GOMINGIR» BRAND OBJECTS

2024-10-08T14:51:07+03:00

The study notes the importance of preserving and adapting traditions in a rapidly changing modern world and considers «GOMINGIR» as an important example of a successful fusion of past and present in creating a design that not only impresses with its aesthetics, but also becomes a determining factor in the development of cultural identity. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the strategies and methods by which the GOMINGIR brand adapts and evolves traditions in contemporary design, considering specific objects of its collections. Methodology. The methodological framework of the study includes a comprehensive approach, combining the analysis of design elements, historical aspect, philosophical reflection, and the study of the impact on current trends. This research approach allows us to thoroughly analyze and comprehend both the aspects of creating specific GOMINGIR objects and their contribution to the broader context of modern design development and preservation of traditions. Results. The research results confirm the successful adaptation and evolution of traditions in GOMINGIR’s design. Understanding the methods and strategies of GOMINGIR can be a valuable contribution to the development of design aimed at preserving cultural heritage and its actualization in the modern design landscape. Scientific novelty. The study identifies a scientific novelty in the study and analysis of the integration of ethnic elements in the design of GOMINGIR objects with the principles of minimalism. Practical relevance. The results of the study provide specific design strategies and methods that can be used in the design industry to create innovative objects that combine tradition with innovation; The research can serve as an inspiration for designers, stimulating their creativity and innovation in the field of design;

MODELING, EFFECT OF «ALIANCE OF RADICAL FORM» AND SKEVOMORPHISM IN THE DESIGNER’S FORM

2024-10-08T14:55:40+03:00

The purpose of this study is to analyze the features of modeling in design activities, consider the phenomena of skeuomorphism and the effect of radical form, their aesthetic factors and consequences in design practice in the context of the interaction of analogue / non-analog modeling in shaping. Methodology: the study uses methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, extrapolation. Results: the range of opinions of specialists in the field of design on the interpretation of the concepts of «modeling», «model», «shaping» and the importance of modeling as a method of cognition and activity in design practice was clarified; the importance of non-analog modeling for the innovative activity of a modern designer, as well as analog modeling, which entails modification and improvement of existing samples, and the role of extrapolation methods, idealization, abstraction techniques, imitation, and imitation of form had been analyzed; we also analyzed the factors of popularity of design developments among consumers, in particular the functional feasibility, financial attractiveness and aesthetics of the product, namely the aesthetic aspects when it is first presented and contemplated by consumers. Scientific novelty: the phenomenon of the “radical form effect” has been studied as a result of consumers’ response to the fundamental novelty of the form and functions of a design product and the significance of skeuomormism in shape formation; the connection between skeuomorphism and the desire of the developer to soften the negativism of consumers regarding objects that are fundamentally new in function through the use of already familiar object forms, used and successfully tested in other products, but having only an external resemblance to the new product, is analyzed, and it is noted that in this way it is possible to overcome the barrier of information novelty. The practical significance of the study lies primarily in the fact that it draws attention to the phenomenon of the “radical novelty effect”, its influence on consumers of different ages, different educational qualifications and different cultural practices. Taking it into account allows you to make design activities more efficient.

DESIGN TERMINOLOGY: THE RETROSPECTIVE AND MODERN INTERPRETATIONS

2024-10-08T15:03:53+03:00

The purpose is to analyze terminology in different types of design using general and special research methods in historical dynamics and following the stated topic. The study’s relevance is to comprehend the theoretical state of design for the further effective development of design education at all levels, as well as to increase positive value orientations in society and the aesthetic level of design concepts. Methodology. The integrative nature of design activity determines the multimodal approach as the main one with the corresponding scientific research methods, including system-structural, functional, sociocultural, axiological, art-historical, synergetic, semiotic, praxeological, method of theoretical generalization, etc. Results. Design discourse is presented as a type of communicative activity, that takes place in the world cultural space, actively forms visual semantic constructions, and specifies professional terminology. The stages of design development, namely, pre-design (canonical, protodesign) and actual design (project activity) are briefly considered. In determining the designer’s professionalism according to the requirements of modern competitive market, three important components are distinguished, including purely professional (design) training, sociocultural, and marketing aspects. The scientific novelty consists of conducting a comparative analysis of existing definitions in the field of design based on Ukrainian and foreign sources, as well as highlighting the general prospects of design areas development, taking into account computer technologies, the latest approaches, and materials. Practical value. The specification of terminology will allow higher education students to use it more clearly and consciously when writing abstracts for student conferences, scientific articles, and final qualification papers. As a significant contribution to the Design Theory, the illustrated online glossary is proposed as necessary modern lexicographic resource for all levels of design education.

ARTISTIC PRACTICES IN SPACE DESIGN

2024-10-08T15:09:19+03:00

The article examines the issue of preservation and development of individual artistic practices and the ability to integrate them into one’s own design projects, forming new directions of creative and alternative Ukrainian object-spatial design. Purpose research consists in highlighting the role and identifying the possibilities of applying artistic practices in modern space design. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is based on the main general scientific methods of research: analysis, comparison, generalization of various ideas of the world and domestic experience on the problems of forming an alternative aesthetic and functional individual environment using the tools of artistic practices in space design. On the basis of implemented student extracurricular design projects, the role of and a wide range of possibilities of applying artistic practices in the real design and furnishing of the specified space was revealed and demonstrated. Results. The presented examples demonstrate that during the implementation of the design project, an educational and methodological component was applied in practice, which is a valuable tool for complex step-by-step work: ergonomic analysis of the room, production of drawings, study and processing of historical and archival materials, evaluation of existing artifacts for the creation of an exposition, search for a concept and design components, project proposal, development of elements of man-made art objects and drawings of object equipment for the museum space, selection of materials and compilation of a technical-technological, color map of the project, development of identity and formation of materials for interactive filling of the museum. Scientific novelty. As a result of the research, promising algorithms and design approaches were revealed in the formation of a creative environment in interior spaces with the help of complex equipment with individually designed, practically executed elements of subject equipment and art objects, which carry not only an ergonomic and functional component, but also form a stylistic the peculiarity and uniqueness of the personified designer. Practical relevance. For subjects of design activity, in particular, in the educational process of the specialty 022 Design, many factors and means of creating a domestic design product have been determined. However, the correct application of artistic practices, to a certain extent, depends on the level of complexity and culture of their integration into space. For example, to create recognition or identify a space in ethnostylistics, it is not enough to literally «ornamentize» design forms or repeat the stereotypes of fashion trends. Only a deep knowledge of authentic analogues, the ability to creatively stylize, interpret and transform them – the main tools of artistic practices, will allow you to create a relevant product and fully demonstrate and represent Ukrainian design in particular.

THE IMPACT OF HISTORY AND CULTURE ON MODERN FASHION AND ACCESSORIES DESIGN

2024-10-08T15:22:12+03:00

The article is devoted to the influence of history, culture and art on the development of design and decoration of clothes and accessories of the late XX – early XXI century and the origins of creative inspiration of contemporary designers. The study demonstrates the evolutionary processes of modern fashion, which occur through retrospection and rethinking of the cultural and artistic world heritage. Рurpose. The purpose of scientific exploration is to study the interrelations of historical eras, culture and art that developed within them, and the influence of artistic heritage, decorative decoration as aesthetic models, on the development of clothing and accessories design in the outlined period. Methodology. In order to solve the goal, a historical method was used, which made it possible to consider the chronology of historical periods and artistic styles that arose and developed within them. By the method of historicism, the context of eras is investigated – the centers of culture, its artistic components, the geography of further distribution and trends in the development of artistic markers of the past in the modern design of clothes and accessories. The system method provides an overview of the hierarchical relationship of decorative elements of the past with the design of modernity and their subordination to creative ancient sources. The method of synthesis made it possible to analyze natural forms and phenomena and their artistic variations during the period of development of cultures and arts from their origin to our time. The analytical method was used to study the influence of artistic and decorative heritage of the past on the present, the possibilities of the formation and development of fashion trends. Results. The modern world of fashion has a powerful cultural and artistic arsenal of the past. Basic decorative elements inherent in a particular historical era, country, artistic style become the subject of interpretation when designers create collections of clothes and accessories, retransmitting the creative impulses of ancient times to the present. Artists of high fashion, being in search of ideas for creating a new modern design, chose, choose and turn to the culture of historical eras, its centers, artistic styles, representing in their works elegant and refined ornaments, patterns, and a variety of ethnic motifs. Scientific novelty. The powerful influence of decorative achievements of the centers of culture, historical eras and artistic styles on the artistic and style features of the design of modern collections of high fashion clothes and accessories to it is investigated. An art history analysis of the decor of collections of clothes and accessories is provided. Practical relevance. The results of the study are of theoretical and practical importance for the history of art and the development of modern design of clothes and accessories, can be used as educational and auxiliary material in vocational and higher educational institutions intended for the aesthetic development and education of future specialists in the design and fashion industry.

THE SYMBOLISM OF UKRAINIAN FOLK CULTURE IN THE DESIGN OF JEWELRY WORKS OF THE LATE 20TH – EARLY 21ST CENTURY

2024-10-08T15:31:10+03:00

The article is devoted to the history of jewellery art in Ukraine in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries: jewellery works by jewellers and designers, the origins of their creative inspiration and the embodiment of their artistic ideas. The themes and titles of the works selected for the study are stylistically inspired by the symbols of Ukrainian folk culture. Рurpose. To study the history of the development of stylistic features of the symbols of folk culture of Ukraine in the jewelry art of the late XX and early XXI centuries in accordance with the names of jewelry pieces. Methodology. The method of art historical analysis was used to study the specifics of the use of symbols of Ukraine during the period of independence in jewelry; the iconographic method allowed to consider and deepen the classification of symbols, motifs and plots of Ukrainian culture reflected in contemporary jewelry; the method of historicism highlighted the trends in the development of jewelry design with symbols of Ukrainian culture in the period. Results. An art historical analysis of jewellery created by Ukrainian designers and craftsmen in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries shows a growing interest in the symbolism of Ukrainian folk culture among jewellers, designers, and among the demands of the audience and clientele. A successful combination of an embodied artistic idea with a name that reflects Ukrainian folk symbolism has a great artistic impact on the audience and contributes to its aesthetic education. The results of the study have theoretical and practical significance for the history of art and design development. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the history of the development of symbols of Ukrainian culture in the design of jewelry art of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in accordance with the names of jewelry pieces is studied. The peculiarities of using folk symbols of Ukrainian culture in jewelry of the period of independence are considered. The list of modern jewelry and its names with the design of folk Ukrainian symbols is clarified and supplemented. Practical relevance. The results of the study can be offered for further scientific research on the history and development of jewellery art in Ukraine, as well as used as materials for studying the history of art and design in vocational and higher education institutions.

ОNE-PIECE SUSTAINABLE TABLEWARE PACKAGING DESIGN BASED ON AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

2024-10-08T15:37:47+03:00

The purpose of this study is to research the concept of sustainable development used in specific packaging issues, which is a tableware packaging design innovation to achieve the extension of the packaging life cycle, facilitate production, promote the concept of green packaging. Methodology. An integrated approach was used in this study. Literature analysis of sustainable packaging concepts was reviewed. Case studies were used to collate and analyze the existing one-piece paper packaging and reduction packaging on the market. Through the comparative study of the existing packaging and the reduced packaging, the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed between before and after packaging reduction. Then, the hierarchical analysis method was used to rank the design factors and obtain an objective design focus. Results of the research. The article explores sustainable design methods in tableware packaging. Considering packaging design, production, transport and sales as a whole, sustainable analysis and design are carried out from all aspects. A series of tableware packaging designs with strong practicality, high feasibility and outstanding significance are obtained. The scientific novelty. This study considered packaging design in terms of the packaging life cycle and expanded the functions of packaging beyond protection, transport and distribution, such as recycling, etc. The practical significance. The sustainable packaging design in this study addresses the issue of packaging waste and recycling at source. It lays the foundation for environmental protection and sustainable development between consumers and producers. Through the one-piece paper packaging structure reduction design, the reduction of packaging design not only reduces the consumption of raw materials and processing costs, but also alleviates the pressure on the environment and rationalises the arrangement of human resources. The study of one-piece paper packaging structure design has certain practical significance for contemporary packaging. Scientific design from the shape, size, function and other aspects greatly improves the efficiency and reliability of the design. Structural design enhances the comfort and pleasure of consumers in the process of use. As a green environmental protection issue, the design of one-piece sustainable packaging is in line with the international community’s advocacy of resource-saving and environmentally friendly world.

PHOTO PROJECT AS A SPACE OF REPRESENTATION: THE METHODOLOGY OF MANIPULATIVE APPEAL IN THE DISCOURSE OF MODERN PHOTOGRAPHY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DOCUMENTA PROJECTS OF THE 1950S–1970S)

2024-10-08T15:42:57+03:00

The purpose of the article is to study the phenomenon of manipulative appeal as an integral component of project culture in the discourse of modern photography (on the example of the Documenta photo projects of the 1950s–1970s). Methodology. The research used the methods of historical-chronological and comparative analysis, which made it possible to define and interpret the Documenta photo projects as a self-sufficient problem. The methods of figurative and stylistic and compositional analysis were used to study specific projects, as well as individual works. The results. The conducted research proves that Documenta not only monitors new phenomena in art, but also actively shapes their qualities and contents, using its own arena as an experimental site. It is important to emphasize that the subgenre of «reportage landscape» emerged in the early 2000s within the framework of several author’s representations that investigated the impact of place aesthetics on the perception of everyday events. Documenta projects are an important space for the interaction of curatorial and authorial vision within photographic culture. The exhibition accumulates almost the entire existing artistic spectrum of modern visual art. That is why projects that have a photographic nature are often shown within the framework of Documenta not as photo art, but as something else – new, not generalized terminologically and institutionally. The fact that such projects do not identify themselves as photo art, in our opinion, requires a separate interpretation. At this stage, let’s pay attention to the obvious difference between the autonomous status of the «artist- photographer» and the equally distinctly autonomous option of the «artist who creates images». Scientific novelty. The article shows that the synthetic property of Documenta as a relevant platform aimed at the search for cross-species and cross-genre features provides ample opportunities for the typology of contemporary photo art. In the chronological framework of the 1950s – 1970s, there was a qualitative change in the repertoire and concepts of photo practices. It is on this basis that analog practices returned to actual photography, but already in the context of new expressions and new visual points of view. This allows us to consider Documenta projects as a factor in shaping the phenomenology of photography as a part of contemporary art. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used both in the educational and in the research field.

MODERN DESIGN EXPRESSION OF TRADITIONAL CRAFTS: THE CASE OF СHINESE TRADITIONAL WOODBLOCK PRINTS

2024-10-08T15:47:50+03:00

The purpose of this paper is to explore the value elements of traditional handicrafts represented by Chinese traditional woodblock prints and their design expressions in modern times and to analyze the path of traditional handicrafts returning to contemporary life. Methodology. This study mainly uses the literature analysis method to analyze the artistic characteristics of Chinese woodblock prints and combines the case study method to propose design innovation strategies for traditional handicrafts. Results. This paper analyzed the artistic characteristics of Chinese traditional woodblock prints. And analyzed the synergistic and symbiotic relationship between traditional handicrafts and modern design. The sustainable innovative design strategies of traditional handicrafts represented by woodblock prints are proposed: multi-dimensional translation of cultural elements and cultural connotations; сrossborder cooperation for cultural integration; digital intelligence technology to enhance the cultural experience. Scientific novelty lies in the systematic discussion of the design value elements of traditional handicrafts and the corresponding design innovation path, which is of great significance in promoting the revival and inheritance of traditional handicrafts. Practical significance. This study opens up ideas for designers to carry out creative product design, which is of great reference significance to the work of future designers, and at the same time provides effective guidance for the revitalization of traditional handicrafts.

THE IINFLUENCE OF THE MONUMENTAL DECORATIVE ARTS OF VIENNA ON THE CREATIVITY OF F. KRYCHEVSKYI

2024-10-08T15:52:21+03:00

Purpose: This article examines the influence of works of monumental and decorative art on the work of the outstanding Ukrainian artist Fedor Krychevskyi (1879–1947). Particular attention is paid to his trips abroad from 1910 to 1913, during which he had the opportunity to directly study the works of European masters, including Gustav Klimt. The goal is to analyze and determine exactly how these influences manifested themselves in Krychevsky’s work and how they shaped his artistic vision. The research methodology includes the analysis of historical documents, correspondence, archival materials and works related to the life and work of Fedor Krychevskyi. Special attention is paid to the study of his stay in the workshop of Gustav Klimt and the analysis of works that directly influenced Krychevsky. Art history approaches are also used to assess the influence of the Viennese Secession on Krychevsky’s works of art. The results of the research showed that during trips abroad, in particular, during the period of studying with Gustav Klimt, Fedor Krychevsky significantly expanded his artistic horizons and mastered the features of the Viennese Secession. This is clearly reflected in his monumental works and paintings. The works of Klimt, such as the interior paintings of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, as well as a series of paintings of the auditorium of the University of Vienna, greatly influenced Krychevsky. In addition, the research revealed that Krychevsky adopted the technique of decorating facades with majolica, which was also reflected in his own works. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of specific works and techniques that influenced Fedor Krychevskyi during his stay abroad. The study for the first time analyzes in detail the influence of Gustav Klimt’s works on Krychevsky and shows how these influences were reflected in his work. This gives a new understanding of the processes of artistic interaction between European artists and Ukrainian artists of the beginning of the 20th century. The practical significance of the research lies in the use of the acquired knowledge for the further study of the work of Fedor Krychevskyi and other Ukrainian artists of that period. The identified influences can be useful for art historians, teachers, students and other researchers involved in the history of art. In addition, the results of the study can be used to popularize Ukrainian art and its relationships with European art trends.

INCLUSIVITY AND DIVERSITY AS SOCIAL CONTEXTS IN THE WORK OF FASHION DESIGNERS

2024-10-08T16:21:58+03:00

The purpose: to analyze and systematize information on inclusiveness and diversity as social contexts in the work of Ukrainian and foreign fashion designers; to study the collections of designers and identify the main features that emphasize conceptuality; to determine the impact of this issue on society. The research methodology is based on a theoretical method based on a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis. The literature review is carried out using the methods of comparative and system-structural analysis. Results. The role of inclusiveness and diversity as social contexts in the work of Ukrainian and foreign fashion designers is investigated. The creativity of modern brands is characterized, and it is found that they are aware of the importance of creating clothes that are suitable for different body types, abilities and cultural traditions, thereby reflecting the inclusiveness observed in society. The main features that emphasize the conceptuality of each brand are identified. It has been established that inclusiveness in the fashion industry at the present stage demonstrates growing popularity and active development, which are caused by integrated approaches to production, marketing and consumer perception. The scientific novelty is a systematic analysis of the results of the work of Ukrainian and foreign designers in creating inclusive clothing that takes into account different body types, abilities and cultural traditions, which is confirmed by conceptual elements. The active development of inclusiveness in the fashion industry has been revealed thanks to the support of consumers and manufacturers. Practical significance. The results of the scientific article can be used as a basis for further research in the field of fashion, fashion design, social sciences and cultural studies. In addition, they can be used by fashion designers to develop and produce inclusive and diverse collections that meet the needs of different social groups and body types.

THE AVIATION-RELATED COMPONENT THAT COMPRISES THE SCOPE OF URBAN NAMES IN KYIV AND ITS USE IN COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES

2024-10-08T11:10:54+03:00

The paper examines urban planning situations, processes of formation and transformation of systems of urban names, their effect on the formation of historical memory and the possibility of use in commemorative practices. The purpose of the paper is to research the processes and results of the transformation of the system of urban names of Kyiv, and their effect on urban planning situations, in particular, the creation of «memorial places». Object of study is a component of the system of urban names related to aviation, rocketry, and cosmonautics. The choice of chronological boundaries, which are 2017–2023, is connected, first of all, with the availability of quantitative indicators of aviation-related urban names obtained during research carried out by experts of the Department of Urban Planning in 2017. The year is the lower threshold of the chronological limit of this study. The year 2023 is adopted as the upper threshold, when active discussion of proposals for renaming Povitroflotskyi Avenue were under way. Research methodology is based on the use of the methods that include the study of cartographic materials; processing information about the history of names granted, restored and changed; comparative and critical analysis; a systematic approach to the study of the object as a component of the urban environment and its effect on the social environment. The results. The data that form the scope of urban names of the city were analyzed. The urban names related to aviation, rocketry and cosmonautics (aviation- related urban names) were outlined, with their types determined (names of streets, alleys, avenues, squares, pocket parks. Quantitative indicators of their importance in the system of urban names of the city and type-related subsystems were evaluated. All aviation-related urban names (30) are found to belong to the memorial category. Most of them are located in the Sviatoshynskyi and Solomyanskyi administrative districts of the city that pertain to aviation enterprises, research and cultural and educational institutions, and institutions of higher education. The results of the implementation of de-russification and de-communization measures were analyzed, in particular, the updating of the toponymic map of Kyiv during the period under study. Quantitative indicators of the changing of aviation-related urban names (13), restoration (2) and the granting of new names (11), including memorial ones (6), which perpetuate the names of famous persons and events related to the exploration of space and the development of aviation, were revealed. Scientific novelty. Based on a systematic approach to the study of urban planning situations and the scope of urban names in Kyiv, the possibility of strengthening the effect of aviation-related urban names on the social environment of the area of attraction objects by means of other types of commemorative practices is assessed. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to form accomplished «places of memory» based on the objects to which they pertain, using material, visual, and other means, and areas of influence on the social environment so that commemorative practices can be further implemented.

PANTHEISTIC APPROACH TO CHRISTIAN SACRAL SPACE FORMATION

2024-10-08T11:19:03+03:00

The sacral buildings of the second half of the 20th century were analyzed, in particular the works of Tadao Andot and Peter Zumter. Features characteristic of the culture of the end of the century are represented. The architecture of sacred buildings built according to the principle of unity with nature is considered. It was determined that the objects created at that time, despite their modern appearance, bear the semantic features of traditional temples and combine the inclusion of natural objects in their structure. It has been found that the objects of minimalism are characterized by “ascetic” design, maximum rationality and extreme brevity of forms. The number of items and color relations is strictly limited. It is a space of emptiness and light, geometrically regular shapes, there is nothing superfluous in it. The use of pantheistic elements in shaping the sacred space has been revealed. Goal. On the basis of the analysis of the works of Tadao Andot and Peter Zumter of modern trends in the formation of the sacred space, a pantheistic approach to the formation of the Christian sacred space is revealed. Methodology. Theoretical research methods, analysis of foreign experience in building temples were used. The grapho-analytical method is applied. The results. Establishing approaches to the formation and organization of sacred space. Scientific novelty. The view is presented that the pantheistic approach has a place in the formation of the Christian sacred space. Despite this, it was found that nature appears as an element of space formation, and not as a separate object of worship. Practical significance. The forms of individual sacred buildings and methods of organizing their interiors in modern forms, which can be used in the further development of temple architecture, are analyzed. The use of the metaphorical language of architecture based on the world of visual human products and their iconographic distinctive features is considered. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and the messages transmitted through them in shaping the sacred space has been revealed.

METHODS OF ORGANIZING THE PROTECTION OF PATIENTS AND MEDICAL STAFF IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

2024-10-08T11:26:36+03:00

The article highlights one of the most pressing problems of today – ensuring the protection of doctors and patients in health care facilities. The author analyzes the basic requirements of regulatory documents for the construction and reconstruction of health care facilities and the requirements of the Civil Protection Code for the protection of doctors and patients in health care facilities. The extent of destruction of health care facilities and the need to ensure their functioning as a priority for the government are determined. The experience of ensuring the functioning of health care facilities in the context of armed aggression in the world and in Ukraine is analyzed. The author identifies the predominant use of underground space for operating rooms, intensive care units, and perinatal centers. It is emphasized that the existing system of organizing the protection of doctors and patients in health care facilities does not take into account the impossibility of rapid evacuation of a certain group of patients, doctors and staff in a short time from the alarm to the explosions. The purpose of this study is to develop proposals for the space-planning structure of healthcare buildings with the arrangement of safe space on the floors during new construction, reconstruction and restoration of destroyed buildings. Methodology. Theoretical research methods, analysis of current regulatory documents, articles in specialized publications, and the experience of the war in Ukraine were used. Results. Proposals for changing the space-planning structure of healthcare buildings in order to create protected space within the floors during new construction, reconstruction and restoration of destroyed buildings are presented. Conclusions. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in practice to equip a safe environment for permanent use for the placement of operating, intensive care and maternity departments in health care facilities.

HISTORICAL PRECONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE INFLUENCED BY THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE AT THE END OF THE 15TH TO THE FIRST HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURY (ON THE OCCASION OF THE 530TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF BONA SFORZA)

2024-10-08T11:32:31+03:00

This article analyzes the historical preconditions and factors of spatial development in Ukraine influenced by the Italian Renaissance at the end of the 15th to the first half of the 16th century. Goal. To analyze the historical preconditions and factors influencing the spatial development of Ukraine’s territory under the impact of the Italian Renaissance at the end of the 15th to the first half of the 16th century. Methodology. General scientific methods were used, including primary sources, comparative-historical, and typological methods. The results. Based on the analysis, a result was obtained on the state of scientific study of the problem of spatial development of the Ukrainian lands under the influence of the Italian Renaissance in the first half of the 16th century. Scientific novelty. The spatial development of Ukraine’s territory at the end of the 15th to the first half of the 16th century under external threats serves as a historical prototype for events in contemporary Ukraine. Practical significance. The materials and conclusions of this study will be used for writing a dissertation on «Architectural and Urban Development of Ukraine’s Territory during the Italian Renaissance» and in regional studies. The preparation of a lecture outline and presentation for the course «History of Architecture and Urban Planning» on the topics: «Architecture and Urban Planning in Italy during the Renaissance»; «Development of Ukraine’s Territory under the Influence of the Italian Renaissance.»

ARCHITECTURAL, ARTISTIC AND CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES OF MUSEUM AND EXHIBITION INSTITUTIONS

2024-10-08T11:40:04+03:00

The study of architectural, artistic and constructive features of museum and exhibition institutions is aimed at understanding the influence of architectural design on the functionality, efficiency and aesthetics of such buildings. The goal is to determine rational solutions for creating a museum-exhibition environment with effective functional and aesthetic indicators. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis of modern trends in the architectural design of museums and exhibition institutions, the study of scientific literature and architectural projects, as well as observations and practice of architectural design. The results. As a result of the research, the key aspects of architectural design and structures of museum and exhibition institutions, their influence on the organization of space, were revealed. The main principles and innovative approaches to the creation of modern museum premises are revealed. Scientific novelty. New design trends and strategies aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of museum and exhibition spaces have been identified. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used to design new museum and exhibition facilities, to modernize existing ones, as well as to improve the organization of space and ensure comfort for visitors.

SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION OF SHOPPING CENTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF ADAPTING THEM TO THE MODERN CULTURAL AND LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY

2024-10-08T12:11:41+03:00

The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the transformations of modern shopping centers in developed countries, which are adapting to the new cultural and spatial demands of cities. The authors aim to highlight the importance of creative changes in the architectural design and infrastructure development of shopping centers, with a focus on the creation of green spaces, the integration of cultural and entertainment facilities, and the promotion of sustainable urban development. Research Methodology includes: • Analysis of trends and changes in the architecture of shopping centers: The authors conducted a review of the transformations of shopping centers in developed countries. Particular attention is given to the impact of technological progress and digitalization on the changes in the architectural environment. • Study of the impact of innovations and new technologies: The study analyzes the changes in the spatial and volumetric solutions of buildings and structures, driven by information technologies and the development of the internet economy. • Comparative analysis of international experience: The research examines the experience of developed countries in adapting urban environments to new cultural and spatial requirements. • Assessment of the implementation of new functions in shopping centers: The study explores new functional zones, including green spaces, cultural, and entertainment facilities, which are being integrated into modern shopping centers. • Evaluation of sustainable development: The role of sustainable development is analyzed in the context of urban transformation, including the adaptation of shopping centers to environmental requirements and the integration of cultural aspects. This comprehensive approach allows the authors to cover various aspects of the transformation of shopping centers and their impact on the development of urban environments. Research findings indicate the continued evolution of shopping centers, with a focus on the psycho-emotional comfort of visitors. Modern trends in the spatial transformation of shopping centers emphasize the creation of environments that are as close to nature as possible and meet the demands of both sustainability and comfort, promoting a harmonious experience for people in these spaces. Scientific novelty. New approaches to the transformation of shopping centers in the context of contemporary cultural and spatial changes in cities have been identified. The research demonstrates how innovative architectural solutions and creative spatial models can address the current needs of the urban environment. Problems and challenges faced by architects and urban planners in the process of spatial transformation of shopping centers, particularly in the context of Ukraine, considering international experience, have been outlined. Practical significance. The practical significance of this study lies in providing valuable recommendations for architects, urban planners, and shopping center owners on how to adapt existing structures to modern cultural and spatial requirements. The research highlights the importance of creative approaches to architectural design and the integration of new functional areas, such as green spaces, cultural venues, and entertainment facilities. This will contribute to the development of comfortable and sustainable urban spaces that meet the needs of today’s population. The obtained results can be used for the restructuring and revitalization of shopping centers in Ukraine, enabling them to effectively respond to the challenges of the modern urban environment.

FEATURES OF THE SPATIAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CAMPUS OF THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE «KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER IHORY SIKORSKY»

2024-10-08T12:22:25+03:00

In chronological order, the key stages of the formation, development and construction of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» are indicated, the historical prerequisites and foundations of the campus formation are revealed. A compositional and functional analysis of the architectural and planning organization of the campus was conducted, and its features were identified. The results of the study are the basis for the development of recommendations for the formation of the architectural and planning organization of university campuses of Ukraine. The purpose of the study. To study the peculiarities of the architectural-spatial and functional-planning organization of the KPI campus, as an example, to determine the architectural-planning organization of the campuses of Ukraine. Methodology. Historical analysis, analysis of bibliographic sources, comparative analysis, compositional and functional analysis of the architectural and planning organization of the campus. The results. The historical analysis revealed 2 main stages of the development of the KPI campus. The first stage (end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century) – the creation of the institute and its construction, as a response to the shortage of qualified personnel with higher technical education. The II stage (1970s–1980s) was a rapid expansion of the institute’s capacity due to the need to train a significantly larger number of specialists in technical specialties, and the further development of the university campus was supposed to solve this infrastructural problem. Scientific novelty. The peculiarities of the architectural-spatial and functional- planning organization of the KPI campus at the stage of formation and at the stage of active development were studied. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to further determine the architectural and planning organization of campuses in Ukraine.

ARCHITECTURAL MANNERISM OF THE END OF THE XX – BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE EMERGENCE OF QUICH

2024-10-08T12:26:57+03:00

The article examines the key aspects of architectural mannerism of the late 20th and early 21st centuries and its influence on the formation of modern architectural styles and directions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the interaction between postmodernism and historical mannerism, which allows a deeper understanding of the evolution of architectural ideas and practices. The purpose of the work is to investigate the impact of the so-called architectural mannerism of the late 20th and early 21st centuries on the formation of new architectural styles and trends, analyzing postmodernism through the prism of historical mannerism. Methodology. The basis of the study is the use of methods of observation, comparison and analysis of architectural objects to identify common and distinctive characteristics of historical mannerism and postmodernism. The results. It was found that mannerism and postmodernism are characterized by complexity and eclecticism, and commercialization and cultural consumption have a significant impact on the formation of architectural kitsch. Scientific novelty. The work reveals the connection between aesthetic changes in architecture and wider socio-cultural processes, bringing a new understanding of the potential of architectural art. Practical significance. The research contributes to the development of new approaches to architectural design that meet modern cultural and social requirements.

MODERN INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY CENTER

2024-10-08T12:31:43+03:00

The concept of a «public city center» has been interpreted differently over time, as in each historical period, the public center had an objective and means of achieving that objective that were relevant at the time. The article examines the evolution of the formation of the public center and highlights the dynamics of changing user needs. Additionally, the concept of a «public center» is often equated with the concept of a «public space», which is incorrect and arises from a misunderstanding of the differences between these concepts. The purpose of this research is to clarify and update the definition of «public center» in its modern understanding, as well as to clearly distinguish between the concepts of «public center» and «public space». The purpose of the research is to highlight the significance of public centers in the context of the modern city. The research focuses on revealing the various aspects of the functioning of public centers, their impact on the social and cultural spheres of the city, and the sustainable development of the local community. The methodology includes the analysis of sources in the fields of urban planning, environmental design, architecture, urban studies, psychology, and the study of practical experience in the construction and operation of public centers in cities. As a result, the author proposes a clarification of the definition of «public center» in its modern understanding, as well as a clear distinction between the concepts of «public center» and «public space». The scientific novelty lies in the updating and clarification of the concept of «public center,» as well as the clear distinction between the concepts of «public center» and «public space». The practical significance lies in defining the modern interpretation of the concept of «public center», which influences the formation and design of public centers in cities according to current needs. The results can be used for testing in the design of a public center by updating and improving the methods of designing public centers.

CHARACTERISTICS AND REGULARITIES OF PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT ON URBAN STREETS

2024-10-08T12:42:01+03:00

The article discusses the development of pedestrian infrastructure in cities amid increasing transportation problems. The necessity of improving urban infrastructure to accommodate pedestrians’ needs for creating a comfortable and safe environment is justified. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the features and patterns of pedestrian movement on the main streets of cities and at transport interchange nodes to understand the importance of transport infrastructure solutions and safety aspects for pedestrians in an urban environment. Methodology. Research methods: analysis of literary sources and materials related to the study of the features and patterns of pedestrian movement on city streets and at transport interchange nodes. Results. Ways to enhance pedestrian mobility conditions, which contribute to reducing traffic congestion on streets and at transportation hubs, and improve the ecological situation in urban areas, are proposed. Factors influencing pedestrian movement in the city are considered, emphasizing the importance of considering psychophysiological characteristics and physical abilities of people, as well as age-related factors when developing technical solutions for urban pedestrian infrastructure. Scientific novelty. For the first time, this article comprehensively examines the relationship between pedestrian movement characteristics on main streets and at transportation interchange hubs and the overall efficiency of urban infrastructure amid growing transportation problems. These results are crucial for developing strategies and plans for urban infrastructure development aimed at ensuring convenience and safety for pedestrians in urban settings. Practical relevance. An assessment of the main parameters affecting pedestrian movement is conducted, namely: pedestrian density, pedestrian flow speed, pedestrian intensity, safety, infrastructure accessibility, comfort, route connectivity, and social interaction, which are essential components necessary for creating effective and comfortable urban infrastructure. This infrastructure helps increase the physical activity of the population, attractiveness of pedestrian movement, and reduce the transportation burden on the urban environment.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF FAMILY LEISURE FACILITIES ON THE KYIV’S EXPERIENCE

2024-10-08T13:08:25+03:00

Goal. Analysis of the current state of the leisure environment on the example of Kyiv. Identification of the features of the formation of facilities depending on their location and purposes. Identification of current tendencies and needs of city residents. Based on the analysis, collect the main characteristics of existing centres, types, location and purpose. Methodology. This work is based on a set of works by Ukrainian and international scientists to identify the main features of the formation of family leisure centres. The study uses general methods – observation, comparison; analysis, interdisciplinary methods – classification, expert evaluation; and disciplinary architectural methods – functional, urban planning, design. The results. Based on the observations, functional, urban planning and planning characteristics, a classification scheme of leisure centres in Kyiv has been formed. This makes it possible to create a general explanation of the situation, identify potential gaps and identify 4 main types of formations. Based on the conclusions, recommendations for a multifunctional leisure centre and improvement of existing facilities are proposed. Proposed theoretical model of a multifunctional leisure centre [16]. Scientific novelty. The purpose of the article is to identify the current state of family leisure and to identify the features of formation and factors influencing the process of organisation. The conclusions provide an opportunity to predict the ways of development of multifunctional leisure centres in the context of sustainable development of society and in a situation of disbalance in large cities of Ukraine. Practical relevance. The research results will help local leisure facilities, local authorities and planners to make informed decisions about the renovation of leisure facilities and the creation of new facilities, based on sustainable development and family-friendly cities.

FEATURES OF DESIGNING A SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH LABORATORY ON WATER

2024-10-08T14:05:46+03:00

This professional article describes the features of the architectural and planning organization of a research laboratory located on water, lists a number of engineering and structural systems, summarizes the main stages of designing research laboratories, and also analyzes the domestic experience of construction on water. The goal. The goal is to reveal the peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of the research laboratory when it is located on the water, to summarize and analyze the peculiarities of the engineering and constructive systems of the laboratory, having studied domestic and international experience. Methodology. The professional article includes the following research methods: methods of analysis of scientific materials and Internet resources, conceptual and implementation project solutions, generalization of domestic and international experience in designing and building objects on water, methods of classification and substantiation. The results. In the process of the research, the features of the laboratory design were described, conclusions were drawn and the main stages of the architectural and planning organization of the scientific research laboratory on water were summarized, applied to the design of scientific research centers, the formation of the design in relation to the surrounding water environment was determined. Scientific novelty. The structure of the stages and features of the architectural and planning organization of the research laboratory, which is located on the water, have been specified. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used to develop methodological recommendations regarding the design features of research laboratories on water, for the study of water resources and plants. The development of this research involves the transition to practice after analyzing the experience of specialists, that is, the creation of a scientific research laboratory on water within or outside of Ukraine.